我国城市失独家庭养老保障问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 19:18

【摘要】：为了控制人口增长速度,提高人口质量,保证人口与经济的协调发展,自上世纪七十年代末,我国在全国范围内推行了独生子女政策,这一政策的实施使我国的家庭结构发生了根本性的变化,由联合大家庭向三口之家的核心家庭转变。随着独生子女家庭数量的日趋庞大,其所面临的风险也日益凸显,一些独生子女家庭因为疾病、灾难、意外等原因失去了唯一的孩子,从而形成了一批特殊的家庭——失独家庭。相对于农村家庭,城市家庭对独生子女政策贯彻得更加彻底,因此城市失独家庭数量也相对较多,更具有代表性,值得我们进行深入的研究。据统计,当前我国已有超过百万个失独家庭,而且还在以每年7.6万个的数目增加,由此可知,失独已不是个别家庭的问题,而是一个社会问题,值得我们给予广泛的关注。近年来随着我国人口老龄化问题的日益严峻,养老保障问题成为社会保障中更为突出的问题,每一位老人都渴望能够老有所依、老有所养、老有所终,而对于失去唯一子女的失独家庭的老人而言养老问题则显得更加棘手。本文即以失独家庭为研究对象,从经济、生活、精神三方面对其所面临的养老问题进行全面分析。通过分析找出造成失独家庭养老过程中存在经济拮据、生活照料差、精神状态不佳等问题的原因。最后根据失独家庭存在的养老问题,提出能够有效改善失独家庭养老问题的合理化对策,包括改进计划生育政策;完善社会保障制度,建立失独家庭专项救助基金;加强社区居家养老服务设施建设;注重对失独老人的心理疏导等。希望通过本文的研究,能够使相关部门与社会各界更多的了解失独家庭的现状,正视失独家庭养老过程中存在的问题,最终通过各方的努力帮助失独家庭解决养老问题。
[Abstract]:In order to control the rate of population growth, improve the quality of the population, and ensure the coordinated development of population and economy, since the late 1970s, China has implemented the one-child policy nationwide. The implementation of this policy has brought about fundamental changes in the family structure of our country, from a United family to a nuclear family of three. With the increasing number of one-child families, the risks they face are becoming increasingly prominent. Some one-child families have lost their only child because of illness, disaster, accidents, etc. As a result, a group of special families-the lost-independence family. Compared with rural families, urban families carry out the one-child policy more thoroughly, so the number of urban families without independence is relatively large and more representative, which is worth our in-depth study. According to statistics, at present, there are over 1 million families without independence in China, and the number is increasing by 76 000 a year. From this, we can see that the problem of losing independence is not a problem of individual families, but a social problem, which deserves our extensive attention. In recent years, with the increasingly serious problem of aging population in our country, the problem of old-age security has become a more prominent problem in social security. For the elderly who have lost their only child, the pension problem is even more intractable. In this paper, the author analyzes the pension problems faced by the families from the aspects of economy, life and spirit. Through the analysis, we find out the causes of the problems such as financial difficulties, poor living care, poor mental state and so on. Finally, according to the pension problems of the families without independence, the paper puts forward some reasonable countermeasures, including improving the family planning policy, perfecting the social security system, and establishing the special relief fund for the families without independence. Strengthen the community home endowment service facilities construction, pay attention to the lost elderly psychological counseling and so on. Hope that through the study of this paper, the relevant departments and the community can more understand the current situation of families without independence, facing up to the problems existing in the pension process of families without independence, and finally through the efforts of all parties to help families solve the problem of pension.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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