中国城市社区空巢老人社会支持体系研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 18:24

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,人口老龄化的加剧,中国传统的家庭结构逐步发生转变,日趋核心化与小型化。在此背景下,人口流动的加速、传统家庭养老观念的变化,致使老年人与子女分居而住的现象非常普遍,催生出了大量的城市社区空巢老人。然而,因传统的家庭养老方式难以为继,社区养老功能发展滞后,现行的社会保障制度有待完善,该群体的养老问题更是日益尖锐,其生存状况与生活质量愈发受到社会关注。据社会支持理论,社会支持体系分为物质经济、生活照护与精神慰藉三个子系统,城市社区空巢老人养老的实质是其上述三个层面需求得以满足的过程。因此,要准确把握该群体的养老问题,对其所处社会支持体系的研究是关键一环。以此为切入点,本研究采取定性与定量相结合的社会学研究方法,综合运用文献分析、问卷调查、个案访谈等方法,进行了研究。首先,本文将城市社区空巢老人的需求划分为经济供养、生活照护与精神慰藉三个维度,并概括了各个维度下所包含的主要内容;其次,通过问卷调查,本文对该群体的基本情况、生活状态与社会支持需求有所把握,对其所处社会支持体系的运行现状进行了深入了解,并运用SPSS21.0对这三方面的供需现状进行了描述性统计分析,较为全面的掌握了该群体的生活现状与养老诉求;再次,笔者对城市社区空巢老人以及其家属、居委会工作人员共10余人,进行了个案访谈,并将访谈结果与定量分析相结合,以加深对定性研究问题的感性认识,从经济支持、生活照护与精神慰藉三个子系统对社会支持体系面临问题进行了提炼;接着,本文从法律法规、社保制度、社区发展以及老龄观念等角度切入,对城市社区空巢老人社会支持体系所面临的问题,进行了归因诊断;最后,本文以“多方共谋,协同参与”为原则,提出应在现有“家庭为主,政府支持,社会参与”养老大格局的基础上,加强对社会工作人才队伍的引入,通过其专业理念与方法促进城市社区空巢老人养老需求的满足,并就如何完善其所处社会支持体系,提出了针对性的建议。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the aggravation of the aging population, the traditional family structure in China is gradually changing, becoming more and more core and miniaturized. In this context the acceleration of population mobility and the change of traditional family concept of old-age support make the phenomenon that the elderly and their children live separately is very common and give birth to a large number of urban community empty-nest elderly. However, because of the traditional family pension mode is difficult to continue, the development of community pension function lags behind, the current social security system needs to be improved, the pension problem of this group is increasingly acute, and its living conditions and quality of life are more and more concerned by the society. According to the theory of social support, the social support system is divided into three subsystems: material economy, life care and spiritual comfort. Therefore, to accurately grasp the pension problem of this group, the research on its social support system is a key link. As a starting point, this study adopts the sociological research method which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis, comprehensive use of literature analysis, questionnaire, case interviews and other methods to carry out the study. First of all, this paper divides the needs of urban community empty-nest elderly into three dimensions: economic support, living care and spiritual comfort, and summarizes the main contents contained in each dimension. In this paper, the basic situation of this group, living conditions and social support needs are grasped, the operation status of the social support system is deeply understood, and the current situation of supply and demand in these three aspects is analyzed by using SPSS21.0. More comprehensive grasp of the group's living situation and old-age demands; again, the author of the urban community empty nest elderly and their families, neighborhood committee staff a total of more than 10 people, a case interview, and the results of the interview and quantitative analysis combined, In order to deepen the perceptual understanding of qualitative research issues, from the three subsystems of economic support, life care and spiritual comfort to refine the problems faced by the social support system; then, this article from the laws and regulations, social security system, From the perspective of community development and the concept of ageing, this paper makes a attribution diagnosis of the problems faced by the social support system of empty nest elderly in urban communities. Finally, this paper takes "multi-party collusion, cooperative participation" as the principle. On the basis of the existing pattern of "family as the main body, government support and social participation", we should strengthen the introduction of social work talents, and promote the demand of urban community empty-nest elderly for the aged through its professional ideas and methods. And how to improve its social support system, put forward targeted suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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