坚持和完善社会主义初级阶段按劳分配制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 07:31

【摘要】：按劳分配是马克思设想的未来社会的分配方式,也是我国社会主义市场经济分配制度的主体。按劳分配理论不是凭空产生的,而是在借鉴前人的经验基础上特别是空想社会主义者关于未来社会的构想,经过科学的思考,逐步创立的科学理论。按劳分配作为社会主义初期阶段的个人收入分配方式,在促进社会生产力发展,激发劳动者积极性方面具有很大的进步性。但马克思受所处的时代背景和生产力发展水平的限制,其按劳分配理论关于未来社会分配的实现途径已发生了较大的变化,马克思按劳分配理论又具有一定的局限性。因此,我们要正确的理解按劳分配理论。马克思恩格斯逝世后,社会主义者对按劳分配理论进一步实践和发展。列宁、斯大林在领导苏维埃俄国进行社会主义革命和建设的过程,形成了苏联模式的高度集中的计划经济体制、等级工资制和农业合作化等社会主义建设经验,对刚建立的中国产生了巨大的影响。中国完成了社会主义改造以后,在苏联模式的影响下,建立起高度集中的计划经济体制,实行按劳分配,但忽视了当时的生产力水平较低的实际情况,按劳分配的分配形式在实践中变为平均主义,制约了生产力发展和劳动者积极性的发挥。改革开放以后,随着经济水平的提高,分配制度突破平均主义,形成了多种分配方式,除了按劳动分配以外,允许技术、资本、科技、管理等生产要素也参与分配,确立了按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的分配制度。按劳分配理论和实践在中国的发展中取得了巨大的成就,但也呈现出不少问题:如居民收入、劳动报酬所占的比重下降;分配结构不合理;城乡二元结构机会不均等;行业垄断导致的收入分配不公;大量非法非正常收入的存在造成的不公;社会保障制度不健全等问题。针对上述问题,如何更好地坚持和完善初期阶段按劳分配制度,本文提出以下对策:提高居民收入在国民收入分配的比重、劳动报酬在初次分配的比重;统筹城乡一体化发展;深化垄断企业的改革,实现垄断行业收入的正常化;健全社会保障制度,提高统筹层次,加强社会保障基金的监管,畅通社保基金互济制度。本文的结构主要分为四个章节,第一个章节为绪论部分,主要是研究背景和意义、研究现状、研究方法、研究的重难点和创新点;第二章主要是梳理和总结了马克思按劳分配的形成和发展;第三章是按劳分配理论和实践在中国的发展成果及存在的问题,包括计划经济时期按劳分配在中国的发展,改革开放以来按劳分配在中国的发展和取得的成果,按劳分配理论和实践在中国发展中存在的问题;第四章针对按劳分配理论和实践在中国发展中存在的问题,就如何坚持和完善按劳分配制度提出相应的对策。
[Abstract]:Distribution according to work is the distribution mode envisaged by Marx in the future society and the main body of the distribution system of socialist market economy in our country. The theory of distribution according to work is not born out of thin air, but based on the experience of predecessors, especially the conception of the future society of the utopian socialists, and is gradually established through scientific thinking. Distribution according to work, as a way of individual income distribution in the initial stage of socialism, has great progress in promoting the development of social productive forces and stimulating the enthusiasm of workers. However, Marx is limited by the background of the times and the level of productivity development, and his theory of distribution according to work has changed greatly on the way to realize the social distribution in the future, and Marx's theory of distribution according to work has some limitations. Therefore, we should correctly understand the theory of distribution according to work. After the death of Marx and Engels, the socialists further practiced and developed the theory of distribution according to work. Lenin and Stalin, in the process of leading Soviet Russia to carry out socialist revolution and construction, formed the Soviet model of highly centralized planned economic system, hierarchical wage system and agricultural cooperation and other socialist construction experience. It has had a huge impact on the newly established China. After China completed the socialist transformation, under the influence of the Soviet model, it established a highly centralized planned economic system and distributed according to work, but ignored the actual situation of the low level of productive forces at that time. Distribution according to work becomes equalitarianism in practice, which restricts the development of productive forces and the enthusiasm of workers. After the reform and opening up, with the improvement of economic level and the breakthrough of equalitarianism in the distribution system, a variety of distribution methods were formed. In addition to distribution according to labor, production factors such as technology, capital, science and technology, and management were also allowed to participate in the distribution. Established the distribution according to work as the main body, the coexistence of a variety of distribution system. The theory and practice of distribution according to work has made great achievements in the development of China, but it also presents many problems: for example, the proportion of income of residents, the proportion of labor remuneration is decreasing, the distribution structure is unreasonable, the opportunity of urban and rural dual structure is not equal; The unfair distribution of income caused by industry monopoly; the unfair caused by the existence of a large number of illegal and abnormal income; the imperfect social security system and so on. In view of the above problems, how to better adhere to and improve the distribution system according to work in the initial stage, this paper puts forward the following countermeasures: to increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution, to coordinate the development of urban and rural integration; We should deepen the reform of monopoly enterprises, realize the normalization of monopoly industry income, improve the social security system, raise the overall planning level, strengthen the supervision of social security funds, and smooth the system of mutual aid of social security funds. The structure of this paper is mainly divided into four chapters, the first chapter is the introduction part, mainly research background and significance, research status, research methods, research difficulties and innovations; The second chapter is to sort out and summarize the formation and development of Marx's distribution according to work, the third chapter is about the development of the theory and practice of distribution according to work in China and the existing problems, including the development of distribution according to work in China during the planned economy period. The development and achievements of the distribution according to work in China since the reform and opening up, the problems existing in the theory and practice of the distribution according to work in the development of China; the fourth chapter focuses on the problems existing in the development of the theory and practice of the distribution according to work in China. How to adhere to and improve the distribution system according to work to put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

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