农民工非农就业净收益及其影响因素——基于478份农民工调研数据

发布时间：2018-09-09 10:23

【摘要】：在城乡二元结构的背景下,我国产生了数量巨大的农民工群体,他们在城市就业中面临着诸多问题。通过对在江苏省南京市就业的农民工进行大量问卷调查,全面了解其就业、收入福利、劳动强度、社会保障等方面的情况。将劳动强度纳入劳动净收益的考察范畴,运用偏最小二乘法(PSL)分析相关因素对农民工就业净收益的影响。结果表明,在江苏省南京市就业的农民工收入水平略低于城镇职工,同时面临劳动时间长、社会保障差等问题。但从农民工的自身特质角度出发,这有可能是其在家庭决策背景和有限经济收入下提高当期收入水平目的下无奈的理性选择。实证结果表明,考虑到劳动成本,农民工就业收益更加不理想。女性农民工比男性就业状况更差;就业经验的积累不能带来就业状况的改善;农民工整体学历水平普遍偏低,尚未达到能够显著改善就业状况的水平;劳动技能落后,常不适应用工需求,对就业状况无突出帮助;不同行业农民工收入水平相差不大,但劳动时间存在差异;农民工就业的单位性质显著影响收入,但对劳动时间无明显影响。
[Abstract]:Under the background of urban-rural dual structure, China has produced a large number of migrant workers, they are facing many problems in urban employment. Through a large number of questionnaires on migrant workers employed in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, we can find out their employment, income and welfare, labor intensity, social security and so on. The labor intensity is brought into the category of net income of labor, and the influence of related factors on the net income of migrant workers is analyzed by using partial least square method (PSL). The results show that the income level of migrant workers employed in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is slightly lower than that of urban workers, and at the same time they face the problems of long working hours and poor social security. However, from the point of view of their own characteristics, it may be a rational choice for migrant workers to improve their current income level under the background of family decision making and the limited economic income. The empirical results show that, considering the labor cost, the employment income of migrant workers is even less ideal. The employment situation of female migrant workers is worse than that of men; the accumulation of employment experience can not bring about the improvement of employment situation; the overall educational level of migrant workers is generally low and has not reached the level that can significantly improve the employment situation; the labor skills are backward. Often do not adapt to the demand for employment, there is no outstanding help to the employment situation; the income level of migrant workers in different industries is not different, but there are differences in working hours; the unit nature of migrant workers' employment significantly affects income, but has no obvious impact on the working hours.
【作者单位】：江苏省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所;山东理工大学商学院;
【基金】：山东省社会科学规划项目(编号:15CJJJ22)
【分类号】：F249.2;F323.6

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