农户多维贫困及致贫机理研究——以甘肃省840份农户为例

发布时间：2018-09-17 15:00

【摘要】：贫困是人的可行能力在收入或消费、教育、就业、医疗卫生、社会保障、获取信息和技术的机会等多个维度被剥削的现象,多维贫困指数反映了贫困人口或家庭的多维贫困发生率及承受的剥削强度。借鉴Alkire and Foeter开发的多维贫困测量方法,并以此方法为基础设计调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样选取甘肃省13个村子进行调查研究,然后利用对甘肃省部分农户家庭的实地调研数据,从收入、教育、健康、生活水平和社会关系5个维度对贫困地区农户的多维贫困状况进行了测算与分解。结果表明,1~5个维度的多维贫困指数分别为28.8%、21.7%、16.3%、7.6%和1.1%;甘肃省农户家庭的"基本可行能力"被剥削的情况严重,贫困发生率高,贫困深度和贫困强度均高于其它省份或地区。从农户所处贫困的维度状况梳理出了甘肃省农户致贫的机理:受教育水平不足导致的"能力贫困"导致家庭普遍陷入多维贫困和低收入均衡水平,其贡献率随着贫困维度增加而递减,对绝对贫困的贡献较小;而收入和健康的贫困贡献率随着贫困维度的增加而上升,在绝对贫困家庭中,家庭成员不理想的健康状态,尤其是主要劳动力残疾或患有重大疾病使得家庭陷入"贫困的恶性循环"。未来政府扶贫政策制定和执行应根据致贫维度状况进行有效瞄准,更加关注农户遭受的"能力贫困"困境,提高扶贫效率。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a phenomenon in which human viability is exploited in multiple dimensions, such as income or consumption, education, employment, health care, social security, access to information and technology, etc. Multi-dimensional poverty index reflects the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty and the exploitation intensity of poor population or family. Drawing lessons from the multidimensional poverty measurement method developed by Alkire and Foeter, and based on this method, the questionnaire is designed, and 13 villages in Gansu Province are selected for investigation by stratified random sampling. Based on the field investigation data of some peasant households in Gansu Province, this paper measures and decomposes the multidimensional poverty status of farmers in poor areas from the five dimensions of income, education, health, living standard and social relations. The results show that the multi-dimensional poverty index of 1-5 dimensions is 28.821.7% and 16.3%, respectively, and the "basic feasible capacity" of households in Gansu Province is seriously exploited, the incidence of poverty is high, the depth of poverty and the intensity of poverty are higher than those of other provinces or regions. The mechanism of poverty caused by farmers' poverty in Gansu province is analyzed from the dimension of poverty: "ability poverty" caused by insufficient education level leads families to fall into multi-dimensional poverty and low income equilibrium level. The contribution rate of income and health increases with the increase of the dimension of poverty, and the contribution rate of income and health increases with the increase of the dimension of poverty. In particular, the main labor force disability or suffering from major diseases lead families into a "vicious circle of poverty". In the future, the formulation and implementation of the government's poverty alleviation policy should be aimed at according to the situation of poverty, pay more attention to the plight of "ability poverty" suffered by farmers, and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation.
【作者单位】：西北师范大学经济学院;中央财经大学税务学院;
【分类号】：F323.8

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