我国残疾人田径运动员队伍发展现状研究
发布时间：2018-12-10 07:32
【摘要】：残疾人运动最早是从康复治疗开始的。二战后世界各国都有大批伤兵,他们通过自发组织各种方式的体育锻炼和比赛,进行战后身体的康复,这就是现代残疾人体育的雏形。残疾人体育如今已经成为现代奥林匹克必不可少的组成部分,是全世界关注残疾人事业和残疾人发展的重要窗口,也是衡量一国体育事业发展水平的重要指标,因此对于残疾人体育的研究,尤其是各个项目竞技体育方面的研究就显得尤为重要。田径项目作为残疾人竞技体育的重要组成部分,近几年得到了迅猛的发展。然而,在取得令人瞩目的成绩的同时,我国残疾人田径运动员队伍也面临着很多问题和前所未有的挑战,本文旨在全面了解我国残疾人田径运动员队伍发展现状,找出制约残疾人田径项目发展的不利因素,并提出建议和对策,为我国残疾人田径项目的良性发展提供一定的参考。论文通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地考察法、专家访谈法、数理统计法对我国残疾人田径运动员性别、年龄、地域结构、伤残类型等基本情况;训练动机、训练安排等训练情况;集训时间、参赛次数等比赛情况;经费保障、科研因素等管理情况进行调查研究,得出以下结果:1、我国残疾人田径运动员男女比例显著失衡,比例接近2:1。2、我国残疾人田径运动员年龄结构偏大较为严重,26岁以上年龄段占53.61%。3、我国残疾人田径运动员来自城镇家庭的为58%,多于来自农村的,目前辽宁省残疾人田径运动员人数最多。4、我国残疾人田径运动员总体学历在高中水平以下,达到大学及以上的不到总数的20%。5、田径项目开展较好的省市保持全年训练的运动员仅为44%,其余均为赛前集中训练,训练时间短,参赛机会少,科研及社会保障力度不足。通过系统梳理我国残疾人田径运动员队伍的现状,得出以下结论:1、广东、江苏、浙江、辽宁、河北等省市受经费投入、人员、物资保障以及运动员训练规模、开展优势项目的影响,残疾人田径项目的运动成绩较为突出。2、残疾人田径运动员队伍未形成一个合理的梯队建设布局,选材途径单一,且具有较大的偶然性和被动性。3、教练员多为退休和兼职人员,年龄较大,不固定。4、运动员训练缺乏长期性、系统性、持效性,训练时间短,参赛次数较少。5、现有的训练场地、设施、经费保障不足,运动员退役后的社会保障欠缺。
[Abstract]:The disability movement began with rehabilitation. After World War II, there are a large number of wounded soldiers in the world. They organize various kinds of physical exercises and competitions spontaneously, which is the embryonic form of modern disabled sports. Nowadays, sport for the disabled has become an indispensable part of the modern Olympic Games, an important window for the world to pay close attention to the cause and development of the disabled, and an important indicator to measure the level of development of a country's sports cause. Therefore, the research of the disabled sports, especially the research of competitive sports, is particularly important. Track and field events as an important part of the disabled competitive sports, has been rapid development in recent years. However, at the same time, the Chinese disabled track and field athletes are faced with many problems and unprecedented challenges. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively understand the current situation of the development of the disabled track and field athletes in our country. This paper finds out the unfavorable factors restricting the development of track and field events for the disabled, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to provide some references for the benign development of track and field events for the disabled in China. Through the methods of literature, questionnaire, field investigation, expert interview and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the basic situation of disabled track and field athletes in China, such as gender, age, regional structure, disability type and so on. Training motivation, training arrangements and so on; The following results are obtained: 1. The proportion of male and female athletes with disabilities in track and field in China is significantly out of balance, and the ratio is close to 2: 1.2. The age structure of disabled track and field athletes in China is relatively large. The age group above 26 years old accounts for 53.61.3. the number of disabled track and field athletes coming from urban families is 58, more than that from rural areas. At present, Liaoning Province has the largest number of disabled track and field athletes. 4. The total educational background of disabled track and field athletes in China is below the high school level, reaching less than 20.5% of the total number of college athletes and above. In the provinces and cities where track and field events were carried out, only 44 athletes were trained throughout the year, while the rest were concentrated training before the competition, with short training time, less opportunities for participation, and insufficient scientific research and social security. By systematically combing the current situation of track and field athletes with disabilities in China, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces and cities are supported by funds, personnel, materials and training scale. Under the influence of developing advantage events, the sports achievements of disabled track and field events are more outstanding. 2. The disabled track and field athletes have not formed a reasonable echelon construction layout, the way of selecting material is single, and it has greater chance and passivity. The coaches are mostly retired and part-time personnel, older and not fixed. 4. Athletes lack long-term training, systematic, effective, short training time, less number of entries. The existing training sites, facilities, and financial support are insufficient. Athletes retired after the lack of social security.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82
本文编号：2370203
[Abstract]:The disability movement began with rehabilitation. After World War II, there are a large number of wounded soldiers in the world. They organize various kinds of physical exercises and competitions spontaneously, which is the embryonic form of modern disabled sports. Nowadays, sport for the disabled has become an indispensable part of the modern Olympic Games, an important window for the world to pay close attention to the cause and development of the disabled, and an important indicator to measure the level of development of a country's sports cause. Therefore, the research of the disabled sports, especially the research of competitive sports, is particularly important. Track and field events as an important part of the disabled competitive sports, has been rapid development in recent years. However, at the same time, the Chinese disabled track and field athletes are faced with many problems and unprecedented challenges. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively understand the current situation of the development of the disabled track and field athletes in our country. This paper finds out the unfavorable factors restricting the development of track and field events for the disabled, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to provide some references for the benign development of track and field events for the disabled in China. Through the methods of literature, questionnaire, field investigation, expert interview and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the basic situation of disabled track and field athletes in China, such as gender, age, regional structure, disability type and so on. Training motivation, training arrangements and so on; The following results are obtained: 1. The proportion of male and female athletes with disabilities in track and field in China is significantly out of balance, and the ratio is close to 2: 1.2. The age structure of disabled track and field athletes in China is relatively large. The age group above 26 years old accounts for 53.61.3. the number of disabled track and field athletes coming from urban families is 58, more than that from rural areas. At present, Liaoning Province has the largest number of disabled track and field athletes. 4. The total educational background of disabled track and field athletes in China is below the high school level, reaching less than 20.5% of the total number of college athletes and above. In the provinces and cities where track and field events were carried out, only 44 athletes were trained throughout the year, while the rest were concentrated training before the competition, with short training time, less opportunities for participation, and insufficient scientific research and social security. By systematically combing the current situation of track and field athletes with disabilities in China, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces and cities are supported by funds, personnel, materials and training scale. Under the influence of developing advantage events, the sports achievements of disabled track and field events are more outstanding. 2. The disabled track and field athletes have not formed a reasonable echelon construction layout, the way of selecting material is single, and it has greater chance and passivity. The coaches are mostly retired and part-time personnel, older and not fixed. 4. Athletes lack long-term training, systematic, effective, short training time, less number of entries. The existing training sites, facilities, and financial support are insufficient. Athletes retired after the lack of social security.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82
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