城镇居民参加城乡居民基本养老保险影响因素的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 16:11

【摘要】：2014年是中国的深改元年,随着对民生问题关注度的不断提高,中国社会保障制度也经历了前所未有的变革。为了消除城乡居民各自参加基本养老保险的二元障碍,真正实现政策惠民和服务均等,我国于2014年2月出台政策,合并新农保和城居保,建立统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度。截止到2013年底,全国参加该制度的人数达到49750万人,较去年增加1381万人。城镇常住人口占总人口的比重约为53.73%,但城镇居民(指城乡居民基本养老保险的潜在参保人群,即年满16周岁,具有城镇户口的非从业、无收入或者低收入无保障的居民)的参保率却远远低于农村居民,成为基本养老保险制度全覆盖的最后一块短板,提高其参保率成为整个养老保障体系建设的重中之重。城镇居民的参保选择到底受哪些因素的影响和制约,该制度在城镇推行受阻,屡遭"闭门羹"的原因何在,又该采取怎样的措施进一步推进扩面工作的开展正是本文研究的主要内容。文章选取武汉13个辖区中三个典型地区符合条件的城镇居民作为调查对象,从个人、家庭特征以及制度设计三个维度展开实证研究。本次研究共发放问卷240份,其中有效问卷207份。基于对三个地区不同人群的问卷调查和对个别人员的访谈,在对数据整理分析的基础上,运用Logistic回归模型,分析影响城镇居民参保的主要因素及影响程度和方式。研究结果发现,年龄、文化程度、收入状况、对制度的知悉程度等因素都对城镇居民的参保决策有所影响。同时,通过对三个样本辖区制度实施现状和居民对制度满意度的调查问询,找出目前武汉城镇居民参保积极性不高的主要原因和制约因素。即制度不划算,养老金额偏低,制度满意度偏低以及政府作用发挥不到位等问题均是制度推行的主要阻力。最后借鉴城乡居民基本养老保险制度在农村顺利推行的成功经验,针对制度在城镇推行过程中遇到的主要问题,对症下药。从制度设计、激励机制、宣传渠道、法律法规和孝养文化建设五个角度,提出促进城镇居民参保,实现该制度长期可持续发展的对策建议,并总结制度建设存在的不足之处,为完善其他政策制度提供借鉴,实现真正意义上的政策惠民。
[Abstract]:2014 is the first year of China's deep reform, and China's social security system has undergone unprecedented changes with increasing attention to people's livelihood issues. In order to eliminate the dual barriers for urban and rural residents to participate in basic old-age insurance, and to truly realize the policy of benefiting the people and equalizing services, China introduced a policy in February 2014 to merge the new rural insurance and urban housing insurance. Establish a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents. By the end of 2013, 497.5 million people had joined the system, up 13.81 million from last year. The proportion of urban resident population to the total population is about 53.73.However, urban residents (refers to the potential insured population of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, that is, those who have reached the age of 16 and are not employed in urban hukou, The insured rate of the residents with no income or low income is far lower than that of the rural residents, so it becomes the last short board covered by the basic old-age insurance system, and it becomes the most important part of the construction of the whole old-age security system to improve its participation rate. What factors affect and restrict the participation of urban residents in the insurance system? what is the reason why the implementation of the system in cities and towns has been blocked and repeatedly "closed to the door"? What measures should be taken to further promote the development of the work is the main content of this study. This paper selects the eligible urban residents in three typical areas in 13 districts of Wuhan as the object of investigation, and carries out an empirical study from three dimensions: individual, family characteristics and system design. A total of 240 questionnaires were sent out, of which 207 were valid. Based on the questionnaire survey of different groups of people in three areas and the interview of individual personnel, the main factors affecting the urban residents' participation in insurance and the degree and way of influence were analyzed by using Logistic regression model on the basis of data collation and analysis. The results show that the factors of age, education, income, and the degree of knowledge to the system have some influence on the decision of urban residents to participate in insurance. At the same time, through the investigation of the status quo of the implementation of the system in the three sample districts and the survey of residents' satisfaction with the system, we find out the main reasons and restrictive factors for the low enthusiasm of the urban residents in Wuhan to participate in the insurance at present. That is, the system is not cost-effective, the pension amount is on the low side, system satisfaction is low and the role of the government is not in place, and so on are the main obstacles to the implementation of the system. Finally, draw lessons from the successful experience of the basic old-age insurance system of urban and rural residents in rural areas, aiming at the main problems encountered in the implementation of the system in cities and towns, the right remedy is given. From the five angles of system design, incentive mechanism, propaganda channel, laws and regulations and filial piety culture construction, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the urban residents to participate in the insurance and realize the long-term sustainable development of the system, and summarizes the shortcomings of the system construction. In order to improve other policy systems to provide reference to achieve the true meaning of the policy benefits the people.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F842.67

【相似文献】