基于偏向型技术进步理论的企业“用工荒”成因探析:来自珠三角地区的实证

发布时间：2018-12-14 05:21

【摘要】：一直以来的"用工荒"问题困扰着珠三角地区的经济发展,前沿文献多从劳动力供给和流动性,以及工资与社会保障等角度进行解释,文章尝试从劳动力需求变化的深层次原因——偏向型技术进步视角进行解读,构建了CES生产函数并分别估算了珠三角的技术进步资本偏向性指数和技能偏向性指数,对企业的劳动需求进行了量化分析,对其影响因素进行了实证研究。对于技术进步资本偏向性指数的测定表明:珠三角的技术进步偏向于劳动,即大量的劳动力需求造成了珠三角大范围的用工缺口和居高不下的求人倍率,从根本上解释了珠三角普遍性的"用工荒"问题。实证研究表明,港澳台地区的技术溢出促进了劳动偏向型技术进步的发展,其他地区的技术溢出和自主研发抑制了劳动偏向型技术进步的发展,要素禀赋结构是造成珠三角劳动偏向型技术进步的主要原因。对于技术进步技能偏向性指数的测定显示:珠三角的技术进步偏向于技能劳动,造成了珠三角大量的技能人才缺口,进而解释了珠三角占据主导的结构性技能人才短缺的"用工荒"问题,实证研究表明,自主研发促进了技能偏向型技术进步的发展,对外贸易抑制了技能偏向型技术进步的发展,要素供求对珠三角技能偏向型的技术进步起到决定性作用。
[Abstract]:The problem of "labor shortage" has been puzzling the economic development of the Pearl River Delta region for a long time. Most of the literature on the front line explains it from the perspectives of labor supply and mobility, as well as wages and social security. This paper attempts to interpret the deep-seated reasons of the change of labor demand from the perspective of biased technological progress, constructs the production function of CES, and estimates the capital bias index and skill bias index of technological progress in the Pearl River Delta, respectively. The labor demand of enterprises is analyzed quantitatively and the influencing factors are studied empirically. The measurement of the capital bias index of technological progress shows that the technological progress in the Pearl River Delta is biased towards labor, that is, a large amount of labor demand has caused a large employment gap and a high rate of seeking people in the Pearl River Delta. The problem of "labor shortage" in the Pearl River Delta is explained fundamentally. The empirical study shows that technology spillover in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan promotes the development of labor-biased technology progress, while technology spillover and independent R & D in other regions inhibit the development of labor-biased technological progress. The structure of factor endowment is the main reason for the technological progress of labor bias in the Pearl River Delta. The measurement of the technical progress skill bias index shows that the technological progress in the Pearl River Delta is biased towards skilled labor, which has caused a large number of skills talent gap in the Pearl River Delta. Furthermore, it explains the shortage of structural skilled talents in the Pearl River Delta, and the empirical research shows that independent R & D promotes the development of skill-biased technological progress. Foreign trade inhibits the development of the technical progress of skill bias, and the supply and demand of elements play a decisive role in the technical progress of the skill bias in the Pearl River Delta.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学经济与管理学部;嘉兴学院应用技术学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71573088) 国家社会科学基金一般项目(14BJL031);国家社会科学基金重点项目(15AZD002) 浙江省教育厅一般项目(Y201738134)的资助
【分类号】：F272.92;F279.27

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