我国农村精准扶贫存在的问题及对策分析
发布时间：2019-02-21 19:25
【摘要】：反贫困研究和实践一直是全世界关注的焦点。改革开放以来,我国大力推进扶贫开发工作,贫困地区基础设施、农民收入、社会保障、产业结构都有了较大的变化,农村贫困人口大幅减少。党的十八大召开以后,面对经济社会发展新常态,针对我国扶贫工作中的新情况、新问题,党中央提出了以"精准识别、精准帮扶、精准管理、精准考核"为主要内容的精准扶贫新模式,各地按照中央要求都进行了有益的尝试和探索,取得了一定的成效。但是,部分地区在精准扶贫过程中,由于经验缺乏、认识不够、措施不力等原因,产生了一系列的问题,以东平县戴庙镇为实例,主要表现在:识别过程中,群众参与度不高、程序不够民主、方法不够科学的问题;帮扶过程中,缺少全面系统规划、产业扶贫力度不够、过分重视个体脱贫、精神帮扶措施较少的问题;管理过程中,扶贫对象固化、高素质工作人员缺乏、扶贫资金管理不科学的问题;考核过程中,村级干部缺少监督、驻村帮扶人员考核形式化、考核结果运用使用不科学的问题。针对精准扶贫中的一系列问题,认真分析存在问题原因,主要包括:农民个体方面,对精准扶贫政策认识不到位、传统错误思想的影响、客观参与村级事务机会不多;村级组织方面,村"两委"班子作用不明显、村级财务状况较差、"空心化"现象严重、宗族势力绑架扶贫资金使用、相应监管制度缺乏;地方政府方面,扶贫工作力量相对薄弱、执行政策不到位、存在推诿扯皮现象、考核体系不科学;驻村帮扶工作队方面,较少介入村级事务、过分注重形象工程、针对考核任务开展工作;社会方面,社会扶贫关注度不高、扶贫资金来源单一。论文在查找问题、分析原因的基础上,提出了精准扶贫工作的对策建议:精准识别方面,加大政策宣传力度、坚持民主公开、采取科学方法、严格政策要求;精准帮扶方面,实施产业扶贫、实施保障扶贫、实施安居扶贫、统筹好"两个关系"、充分发挥驻村帮扶工作队作用;精准管理方面,科学管理扶贫信息、发挥扶贫资金整合效益、多方吸引社会扶贫资源、加强精准扶贫工作宣传力度、加强基层干部队伍建设;精准考核方面,建立健全科学考核体系、引入第三方评估考核方式、探索考核结果科学运用方式。
[Abstract]:Anti-poverty research and practice has been the focus of attention all over the world. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has vigorously promoted the work of poverty alleviation and development. The infrastructure, farmers' income, social security and industrial structure in poor areas have all undergone great changes, and the number of poor people in rural areas has decreased substantially. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the face of the new normal of economic and social development, and in view of the new situation and new problems in poverty alleviation work in our country, the party Central Committee has proposed to "identify accurately, help accurately, and manage with precision." Precision assessment "as the main content of the new model of precision poverty alleviation, in accordance with the central authorities have carried out beneficial attempts and explorations, and achieved certain results." However, in some areas, due to lack of experience, insufficient understanding, inadequate measures, and other reasons in the process of precision poverty alleviation, a series of problems have arisen. Take Dai Miao Town in Dongping County as an example, the main manifestation is: in the process of identification, the participation of the masses is not high. The problem that the procedure is not democratic and the method is not scientific; In the process of helping, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic planning, insufficient poverty alleviation in industry, too much emphasis on individual poverty relief, and less mental help measures. In the process of management, the object of poverty alleviation is fixed, the staff of high quality is lacking, and the fund management of poverty alleviation is not scientific; In the process of assessment, the village cadres lack supervision, the evaluation of the support personnel in the village is formalized, and the application of the assessment results is not scientific. In view of a series of problems in precision poverty alleviation, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems, including: farmers' individual aspects, lack of understanding of precision poverty alleviation policy, influence of traditional wrong ideas, and lack of opportunities to participate in village affairs objectively; In the aspect of village organization, the role of village "two committees" is not obvious, the financial situation of village is poor, the phenomenon of "hollowing out" is serious, the clan forces kidnap and use poverty alleviation funds, and the corresponding supervision system is lacking; In the local government, the work of poverty alleviation is relatively weak, the implementation policy is not in place, the phenomenon of prevarication exists, and the examination system is not scientific; In the aspect of village support task force, less involvement in village level affairs, too much attention to image engineering, work on assessment tasks; social aspects, social poverty alleviation attention is not high, the source of poverty alleviation funds is single. On the basis of finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the work of precision poverty alleviation: in the aspect of precision identification, we should strengthen the propaganda of policies, insist on democracy and openness, adopt scientific methods, and strictly enforce the policy requirements; In the aspect of precision assistance, we should implement industry poverty alleviation, guarantee poverty alleviation, implement poverty alleviation by living in peace, coordinate the "two relations", and give full play to the role of the village support task force; In the aspect of precision management, we should scientifically manage the information of poverty alleviation, give full play to the benefit of the integration of poverty alleviation funds, attract social poverty alleviation resources in many ways, strengthen the propaganda of precision poverty alleviation, and strengthen the building of grass-roots cadres. In terms of precision assessment, we should establish and perfect the scientific assessment system, introduce the third party assessment and examine, and explore the scientific application of the assessment results.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8
本文编号：2427817
[Abstract]:Anti-poverty research and practice has been the focus of attention all over the world. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, our country has vigorously promoted the work of poverty alleviation and development. The infrastructure, farmers' income, social security and industrial structure in poor areas have all undergone great changes, and the number of poor people in rural areas has decreased substantially. After the 18th National Congress of the Party, in the face of the new normal of economic and social development, and in view of the new situation and new problems in poverty alleviation work in our country, the party Central Committee has proposed to "identify accurately, help accurately, and manage with precision." Precision assessment "as the main content of the new model of precision poverty alleviation, in accordance with the central authorities have carried out beneficial attempts and explorations, and achieved certain results." However, in some areas, due to lack of experience, insufficient understanding, inadequate measures, and other reasons in the process of precision poverty alleviation, a series of problems have arisen. Take Dai Miao Town in Dongping County as an example, the main manifestation is: in the process of identification, the participation of the masses is not high. The problem that the procedure is not democratic and the method is not scientific; In the process of helping, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic planning, insufficient poverty alleviation in industry, too much emphasis on individual poverty relief, and less mental help measures. In the process of management, the object of poverty alleviation is fixed, the staff of high quality is lacking, and the fund management of poverty alleviation is not scientific; In the process of assessment, the village cadres lack supervision, the evaluation of the support personnel in the village is formalized, and the application of the assessment results is not scientific. In view of a series of problems in precision poverty alleviation, this paper analyzes the causes of these problems, including: farmers' individual aspects, lack of understanding of precision poverty alleviation policy, influence of traditional wrong ideas, and lack of opportunities to participate in village affairs objectively; In the aspect of village organization, the role of village "two committees" is not obvious, the financial situation of village is poor, the phenomenon of "hollowing out" is serious, the clan forces kidnap and use poverty alleviation funds, and the corresponding supervision system is lacking; In the local government, the work of poverty alleviation is relatively weak, the implementation policy is not in place, the phenomenon of prevarication exists, and the examination system is not scientific; In the aspect of village support task force, less involvement in village level affairs, too much attention to image engineering, work on assessment tasks; social aspects, social poverty alleviation attention is not high, the source of poverty alleviation funds is single. On the basis of finding out the problems and analyzing the reasons, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the work of precision poverty alleviation: in the aspect of precision identification, we should strengthen the propaganda of policies, insist on democracy and openness, adopt scientific methods, and strictly enforce the policy requirements; In the aspect of precision assistance, we should implement industry poverty alleviation, guarantee poverty alleviation, implement poverty alleviation by living in peace, coordinate the "two relations", and give full play to the role of the village support task force; In the aspect of precision management, we should scientifically manage the information of poverty alleviation, give full play to the benefit of the integration of poverty alleviation funds, attract social poverty alleviation resources in many ways, strengthen the propaganda of precision poverty alleviation, and strengthen the building of grass-roots cadres. In terms of precision assessment, we should establish and perfect the scientific assessment system, introduce the third party assessment and examine, and explore the scientific application of the assessment results.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.8
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