女性主义视角下女硕士毕业主观就业障碍和介入策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 06:24

本文关键词： 主观就业障碍女硕士女性主义　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：女硕士就业成为一个热点问题,在就业的过程中,因为性别、年龄等因素的影响,往往导致女硕士就业状况不理想。而针对女硕士的就业服务方面的介入,传统的心理咨询和就业指导中心存在着明显的不足之处。女性主义是研究众多女性问题的一个有效的视角,它承认社会性别是社会不平等的一种表现,这种不平等并不是因为男女两性能力上的差别,而是因为历史、社会、文化等因素塑造形成的,女性处于被社会忽视的地位。女性主义要承认女性能动作用,重视女性的价值,变革观念,重建重建女性在社会上的形象及女性对自身的认识,争取个人自我实现的权力和机会,同时集体行动改进女性的福祉。本文即采用女性主义的视角对女硕士毕业生的主观就业障碍进行了研究。通过采用质性的研究方法,对女硕士毕业生进行半结构式访谈,并结合文献检索、观察等方法,以发现当前女硕士的主观就业障碍的特点和表现。研究发现,这些主观就业障碍,即感知到的对个体就业发挥阻碍性作用的因素,根据障碍的来源,划分为内部障碍与外部障碍。内部障碍主要包含了女硕士个体层面的弱势归因、选择性失业、心理焦虑、专业能力不足等,外部障碍则主要涉及了就业竞争形势、性别年龄及外貌歧视、家庭背景、重要他人的反对等。这些障碍进行深层次的分析后,造成诸多障碍的原因并非在于个体,而是不公平、不合理的社会因素造成的。具体包括了性别歧视、社会对女性的形象的塑造定型化、社会结构和文化对女硕士毕业生的个性和角色的限定。在对这一议题的介入,注重性别、出发点和目标等方面,女性主义的方法和视角与之具有高度的契合性。女性主义介入女硕士主观就业障碍的策略,包含了性别敏感性、优势视角、构建平等的关系、重新界定问题以减轻无助感、女硕士自我意识的觉醒、建立社会支持网络、注重增权等、在具体的工作方法上,采取个案、团体、社区及外展社会工作的方法。在服务的过程中,采用女性主义的视角来考察服务者和研究者的角色,除了一般性的服务者、支持者、资源获取者等,更重要的是要担当政策影响人、个体具备反思性。在提出了女性主义介入的策略后,探讨了可能存在的局限性,如介入效果的评估、女性霸权、操作具体化及社会系统的改革等。最后,本文探讨了女性主义的研究方法在这一议题的发展趋势,即更注重定性的方法、注重研究者的意识的影响,同时,在资料的搜集分析上面临着伦理难题。
[Abstract]:Employment of female masters has become a hot issue in the process of employment, because of the influence of gender, age and other factors, the employment situation of female masters is often not ideal. The traditional psychological counseling and employment guidance centers have obvious shortcomings. Feminism is an effective perspective in the study of many women's issues, which recognizes that gender is a manifestation of social inequality. This inequality is not because of the difference in the ability of men and women, but because of historical, social, cultural and other factors shaped, women in a position of social neglect. Feminism should recognize the role of female initiative. Attach importance to the value of women, change ideas, rebuild the image of women in the society and women's understanding of themselves, and strive for the rights and opportunities of personal self-realization. At the same time, collective action to improve the well-being of women. This paper uses a feminist perspective to study the subjective employment barriers of female master's degree graduates. In order to find out the characteristics and performance of female master's subjective employment barrier, the author conducted a semi-structured interview on female master's graduates, combined with literature retrieval, observation and other methods. The study found that these subjective employment barriers. According to the source of the obstacles, they can be divided into internal barriers and external barriers. The internal barriers mainly include the weak attribution of female master's individual level, selective unemployment. Psychological anxiety, lack of professional ability, external obstacles are mainly related to the situation of employment competition, gender, age and appearance discrimination, family background, important other people's opposition and so on. Many obstacles are caused not by individuals, but by unfair and unreasonable social factors, including gender discrimination and stereotyping of the image of women in society. Social structure and culture define the personality and role of female master's degree graduates. Focus on gender, starting point and goal. Feminist approach and perspective have a high degree of agreement with it. Feminist intervention in female master's subjective employment barriers strategy, including gender sensitivity, advantage perspective, to build equal relations. Redefine the problem in order to alleviate the sense of helplessness, the awakening of self-consciousness of female masters, the establishment of social support network, focus on empowerment, in the specific working methods, take individual cases, groups. Methods of community and outreaching social work. In the process of service, we use the feminist perspective to examine the roles of service providers and researchers, including general service providers, supporters, resource acquirers and so on. It is more important to take on the influence of policy on people, and the individual is reflective. After putting forward the strategy of feminist intervention, this paper discusses the possible limitations, such as the evaluation of the effect of intervention and the hegemony of women. Finally, this paper discusses the development trend of feminist research methods in this topic, that is, pay more attention to qualitative methods, pay attention to the impact of researchers' consciousness, at the same time. The collection and analysis of data is faced with ethical problems.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C913.2;C913.14

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