从有限理性经济人视角解读“房奴”现象

发布时间：2018-02-28 13:48

本文关键词： 房奴有限理性需要层次理论从众攀比心理　出处：《南京师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放三十年来,大量人口从农村涌向城市,而随着房地产市场化,土地,尤其是大城市的土地变成稀缺资源,多种复杂因素使得房价节节攀升,庞大的“房奴”群体应运而生。成为“房奴”后,生活质量变化很明显,表现在工作上--不敢跳槽,家庭生活上--啃老,无房不嫁,休闲生活上--休闲支出大为减少。为了使研究具有可比性,同时为了真正区分“房奴”群体与“伪房奴”群体,这里我们所使用的“房奴”定义是： “房奴”是指城镇居民出于现实因素考虑,不得不抵押贷款购房,在生命黄金时期中的20到30年,每年用占可支配收入的40%至50%甚至更高的比例偿还贷款本息,从而造成居民家庭生活的长期压力,影响正常消费。围绕着“房奴”群体购房动机的解释,见仁见智,本研究经过资料分析认为,购房行为作为一项重大的经济活动符合“有限理性经济人”假设,该消费行为有理性因素,也有非理性因素,“房奴”群体的形成有深刻的社会心理背景,对“房奴”群体而言,现实因素是真实而迫切的,心理因素则是虽奢侈却重要的,具体如下。影响“房奴”购房的现实因素有： 1.与房屋产权相关的附加权利,如结婚、户籍、教育。目前,全国大多数城市均规定,如果没有自己的产权,一旦结婚,要将户口从集体户口迁出,小孩无法上户口,义务教育阶段上学难。 2.租售比高,租房投资无利可图,适合的房源难找。这种情况在房价高的地区尤其明显,租售比高使得希望靠租房投资的人无利可图,他们更愿意将房子卖掉而不是出租。 3.租赁体系不完善,居住无保障。目前我国租赁体系尚不完善,房东权利无限大,与房东出现纠纷维权困难。从社会性格角度看,国人宁愿当“房奴”不愿租房也有深层次的心理原因,心理因素有： 1.根深蒂固的土地情结,过去围着土地转,现在围着房子转。 2.国人对家的意象中,房子和财产是基础,而家有着非常重要的心理意义,满足了人对安全感,归属感的需求,这些基础需求得到满足,人才能健康的成长,才能追求更高层次的自我实现； 3.对房子的钟爱也与当下社会风气有关。社会逐渐分层,国人以拥有房产为荣,为了获得所期待的某一阶层的认可而超出个人经济能力买房,进行攀比性消费。另外由于舆论的推波助澜,渲染有房者才是成功者也影响国人购房的决定。4.从众心理一定程度上也左右了人们的消费行为,由于信息不对称带来的不确切加剧了国人购房消费行为中的从众现象,重今生不重来世的幸福观对国人的购房行为也有影响。本研究对现实的启示意义在于解决目前的住房难现象不能有失偏颇,既要改变个人的消费观念,也要针对性的解决实际问题。
[Abstract]:In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, a large number of people have poured into cities from rural areas. With the marketization of real estate, land, especially in big cities, has become a scarce resource. A large group of "house slaves" came into being. After becoming "house slaves", the quality of life changed obviously, which was manifested in job-not dare to change jobs, family life-gnawing old, no room without marriage, leisure life-leisure expenditure greatly reduced. In order to make the study comparable, and to truly distinguish between the "house slave" group and the "false house slave" group, we use the definition of "house slave" here as:. The term "house slave" refers to the fact that urban residents have to mortgage their homes for 20 to 30 years in the prime of their lives and repay their principal and interest on loans with a proportion of 40% to 50% or more of disposable income each year. Thus causes the resident family life the long-term pressure, affects the normal consumption. There are different opinions about the explanation of the "house slave" group's purchase motivation. Through the analysis of the data, this study concludes that the purchase behavior as a major economic activity accords with the hypothesis of "limited rational economic man", and the consumption behavior has rational factors. There are also irrational factors. The formation of the "house slave" group has a profound social and psychological background. For the "house slave" group, the realistic factor is real and urgent, and the psychological factor is luxury but important, as follows. The realistic factors affecting the purchase of "house slaves" are:. 1. Additional rights related to housing property rights, such as marriage, household registration, education. At present, most cities in the country stipulate that, if they do not have their own property rights, once married, they must move their hukou out of their collective hukou, so that children cannot go to the hukou. It is difficult to go to school in compulsory education. 2. High rental ratio, unprofitable rental investment, and hard to find suitable housing. This is especially true in areas with high house prices. The high rental ratio makes it unprofitable for those who want to rent and invest, and they prefer to sell their houses rather than rent them out. 3. The lease system is not perfect and the residence is not guaranteed. At present, the leasing system in our country is not perfect, the landlord's right is infinite, and it is difficult to defend the rights of the landlord. From the point of view of social character, people prefer to be "house slaves" rather than rent housing, there are also deep-seated psychological reasons, psychological factors are:. 1. The deep-rooted complex of land, which used to revolve around the land, now revolves around the house. 2. In the image of home, house and property are the basis, and the family has a very important psychological significance, which satisfies the needs of the sense of security and the sense of belonging. Only when these basic needs are satisfied, can one grow up healthily. In order to pursue a higher level of self-realization; 3. The love of the house is also related to the current social atmosphere. The society is gradually stratified, the people are proud to own a house, and in order to obtain the approval of a certain class they expect, they can buy a house beyond their personal financial ability. Comparing consumption. In addition, because the public opinion has contributed to the fire, the decision that the person who owns the house is the winner will also influence the people to buy the house. To a certain extent, conformity psychology has also influenced people's consumption behavior. Because of the imprecision brought about by the asymmetry of information, the phenomenon of conformity in the behavior of people buying houses is aggravated, and the happiness view of paying more attention to this life than to the afterlife also has an effect on the behavior of people buying houses. The significance of this study is to solve the current housing difficulties can not be biased, not only to change the personal consumption concept, but also to solve the actual problems.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.9;F293.3

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