社会距离对创造性的影响

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:36

本文选题：创造性　切入点：社会距离　出处：《西南大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在过去的一二十年里,社会心理学家发现了创造力不仅是个人的特质,而且也可能随着环境和情境而改变。社会心理学家已经确定了一系列影响创造性的因素。在解释水平理论的发展基础上,近年来心理距离对于创造性的影响成了一个新课题。目前关于心理距离对于创造性的影响,主要从解释水平理论和加工迁移理论来探讨。解释水平理论,指人们对事件的解释会随着对事件的心理距离(时间距离、空间距离、社会距离、假设性)的知觉而发生系统改变,从而影响人们的反应。具体来说,当知觉事件的距离较远时,人们对事件进行表征使用抽象、本质和总体的特征(高水平解释)；当知觉距离较近时,人们倾向于以具体、表面和局部的特征对事件进行表征(低水平解释)。加工迁移理论认为：认知程序正在参与一项任务而被激活并保持着活跃的状态,它们可以被带到或转移到随后的任务中。还处于活跃状态的程序有利于随后的加工时,就形成了“适当迁移”的加工。还处于活跃状态的程序不利于随后的加工时,就形成了“不适当迁移”的加工。因此,遥远心理距离对创造性的影响表现在遥远心理距离激活了抽象表征方式,这种被激活的抽象表征方式转移到了随后的创造性任务中,所以促进了创造性任务的表现。已有的研究表明,在遥远时间距离和遥远空间距离下的高水平心理表征会提高创造性成绩。然而,社会距离和创造性之间的关系还没有得到研究。因此,本研究采用不同的创造性任务,探讨社会距离对创造性的影响。社会距离是指社会客体与个体自我差异的大小(如自我-他人：朋友-陌生人)。与时间、空间距离的单一维度不同的是,社会距离所涉及的维度更多。在本研究中,采用自我——他人这一维度,选取自己和陌生人作为社会距离的两个水平。实验1是一个预备实验,初步探索社会距离对创造性的影响。我们以81名大学生为被试,随机分到三个组中,每名被试完成物体特殊用途测试、顿悟问题、远距离联想测试三类创造性任务。在三个创造性任务上,社会距离的效应均不显著,这与我的实验预期不相符合。在实验1改进的基础上,进行了接下来的实验。实验2探讨不同社会距离,对顿悟问题解决的影响。我们以112名大学生为被试,随机分到自我、陌生人、控制组中,每名被试完成两个经典顿悟问题。不同社会距离下,顿悟问题总分没有差异,空间顿悟问题的解决没有差异。但是,相对于自己的问题,和不涉及社会距离的问题(控制组),当告知被试是陌生人遇到的问题时,被试在文字顿悟问题上的表现更好,也就是说,遥远的社会距离下,被试对文字顿悟问题的解决会更好一些。实验3探讨不同社会距离,被试在发散思维任务上的表现是否具有差异。我们以107名大学生为被试,随机分到自我、陌生人、控制组中,每名被试完成一个物品特殊用途测试。数据结果显示：相对于自己的问题,和不涉及社会距离的问题(控制组),当告知被试是陌生人遇到的问题时,被试在发散思维任务上的表现更好,流畅性,变通性,新颖性上的差异均显著。实验4探讨不同社会距离,对决策中市场信息创造性整合的影响。我们以110名大学生为被试,随机分到自我、陌生人、控制组中,每名被试完成一个商业决策问题。对于决策中信息的创造性整合,自我组,控制组,陌生人组之间差异不显著。本研究采用不同的创造性任务,探讨了社会距离对创造性的影响,结果发现遥远社会距离下,促进了言语顿悟问题的解决和创造性观念的生成。这在一定程度上验证并丰富了解释水平理论。
[Abstract]:In the past ten or twenty years, social psychologists have discovered that creativity is not only personal qualities, but also may change with the environment and situation. Social psychologists have identified a series of factors which affect creativity. In the construal level theory on the basis of the development in recent years, the psychological distance for creative influence has become a new topic.
At present about the psychological distance for creative influence, mainly from the construal level theory and processing migration theory to explore. Construal level theory, refers to the people to explain events with the event psychological distance (temporal distance, spatial distance, social distance, hypothetical) perception system change, thus affecting people's reactions. Specifically, when the perception of events in distance, people of the event is characterized by abstract, nature and population characteristics (high level interpretation); when the perceived distance is close, people tend to be specific, the event characterization of surface and local features (low level interpretation). That process migration theory: the program is participating in a cognitive task is activated and maintain an active state, they can be brought into or transferred to subsequent tasks. Also active procedures for subsequent processing When it formed a "processing appropriate transfer". The program is still in active state is not conducive to the subsequent processing, it formed a "inappropriate migration processing". Therefore, the distant effect of psychological distance on creative expression in the distant psychological distance activates the abstract representation, the abstract representation is activated by the transfer the following creative tasks, so to promote the creative task performance.
Research has shown that high levels of mental representation in the far distance in time and space distance distant will improve the creative achievements. However, the relationship between social distance and creativity has not been investigated. Therefore, this study adopts different creative tasks, explore the social distance of creativity. The social distance refers to the social object and the individual difference in size (such as self and others: a friend - a stranger). With time, the single dimension space distance is different, the more distance is related to the social dimension. In this study, the self - others in this dimension, select their own and strangers as the two level of social distance.
Experiment 1 is a preliminary experiment, to explore the influence of social distance on creativity. We take 81 college students as the subjects, were randomly divided into three groups, each participant completed objects with special purpose test, insight problem, remote association test three kinds of creative tasks. In three a creative task. The effect of social distance is not significant, and I expect this experiment is not consistent. Based on Experiment 1 improved, the next experiment.
Experiment 2 explored the effects of social distance, influence on the insight problem solving. We take the sample of 112 college students were randomly divided into self, strangers, in the control group, each participant completed two classical insight problems. Different social distance, there is no difference between the insight problem scores, there is no difference between the solution space of insight problem. However, with respect to their own problems, and does not involve the social distance problem (control group), when the participants were told that the stranger is encountered, the subjects performed better in the text on the insight problem, that is to say, the far social distance, the subjects to solve the text insight problems would be better.
Experiment 3 explored the effects of social distance, are there differences in divergent thinking task performance. We take 107 college students as the subjects, were randomly divided into self, strangers, in the control group, each participant completed a special test items. The results show that: compared with their own problems, and does not involve social distance problem (control group), when the participants were told that the stranger is encountered, the subjects perform better in divergent thinking tasks on the fluency, flexibility, originality of the difference was significant.
Experiment 4 explored the effects of social distance, influence on market information in creative decision integration. We take 110 college students as the subjects, were randomly divided into self, strangers, in the control group, each participant completed a business decision. For the creative integration of decision-making information, self group, control group, difference the stranger was not significant between the groups.
In this study, we explored the influence of social distance on creativity by using different creative tasks. We found that distance social distance promoted the solution of speech epiphany and the generation of creative ideas. This verified and enriched the theory of interpretation level to a certain extent.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.6

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