不同社会阶层系统公正感的差异及其机制

发布时间：2018-03-14 09:04

本文选题：社会阶层　切入点：系统公正感　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对社会心态的关注是如今学界的一个热点研究问题,这其中社会阶层地位较低的个体引起了无论是执政者还是研究者更多的关注。这些低阶层者是否感受到了社会的公平正义,这关系到社会的和谐与稳定。对于这个问题,系统公正理论曾指出,社会阶层较低的个体更倾向于认为其所在的社会系统的公正的,合理的,这一观点被后来研究者称为地位公正化假设。在实证研究中,地位公正化假设得到了不少研究结论的支持。但也有相当数量的研究,得出阶层越高的人越认为社会公正的结论。基于这一理论争议及其在实践应用中的价值,本研究旨在针对个体所在社会阶层影响其系统公正感的效应是否存在,是否通过其他心理过程起作用,以及是否受到其他变量的调节等几方面展开研究。研究一采用问卷法,采用非在校大学生的成年人作为研究被试,通过在中国不同省份发放问卷,共得到有效样本707名。分层回归结果表明,在控制了无关变量后,个体的主观社会阶层水平对其系统公正感的预测作用显著,主观阶层高的被试更倾向于认为系统是公正的。在研究二中,引入个体对社会贫富差距的归因倾向这一变量,考察其是否在主观社会阶层影响系统公正感的过程中起到的中介作用。研究以142名在校大学生作为被试,在控制了无关变量之后,结果显示,贫富差距内归因倾向在社会阶层和系统公正感之间的部分中介效应显著。个体的主观社会阶层水平越高,其贫富差距内归因倾向也越高,因而其系统公正感也就越强。在研究三中,引入控制感作为调节变量,看其能否调节研究二中所得的中介模型。研究以208名在校大学生作为被试,将其随机分为两个组,通过启动任务让一部分被试暂时体验到较高控制感,而让另一部分暂时体验较低控制感。结果显示,有调节的中介模型成立,贫富差距内归因倾向对于主观社会阶层影响系统公正感的中介作用,受到了控制感水平的调节：在无控制感的情况下,该中介模型成立；而在有控制感的情况下,社会阶层的贫富归因倾向差异不显著,社会阶层与系统公正感的预测作用也不显著,中介模型不成立。这一结果既是对于地位公正化假设为何存在争议进行的有益探索,也可为社会管理提供一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:Attention to social psychology is a hot research issue in academic circles nowadays, in which the individuals with lower social class status have aroused more attention both in power and researcher. Do these lower class people feel the fairness and justice of society? This is related to social harmony and stability. On this issue, the theory of systemic justice has pointed out that individuals with lower social strata tend to think that the social system in which they belong is just and reasonable. This view was later referred to by researchers as the hypothesis of status justice. In the empirical study, the hypothesis of status justice has been supported by many conclusions, but there is also a considerable number of studies. The conclusion is that the higher the social stratum is, the more the social justice is. Based on this theoretical controversy and its value in practical application, this study aims at the existence of the effect that the individual social stratum affects its sense of systemic justice. Whether it works through other psychological processes, and whether it is regulated by other variables. In the first study, 707 valid samples were obtained by using non-college students as subjects, and 707 valid samples were obtained by issuing questionnaires in different provinces of China. The results of stratified regression showed that, after controlling for unrelated variables, a total of 707 effective samples were obtained. The subjective social stratum level of the individual plays a significant role in predicting the sense of system justice, and the subjects with high subjective stratum tend to think that the system is fair. In the second study, we introduced the individual attribution tendency to the gap between the rich and the poor, and examined whether it played an intermediary role in the process of subjective social stratum influencing the sense of system justice. 142 college students were selected as subjects. After controlling the independent variables, the results show that the partial intermediary effect between the social stratum and the sense of systemic justice is significant, and the higher the subjective social stratum level, the higher the intra-attribution tendency of the gap between the rich and the poor. As a result, its sense of system justice is stronger. In the third study, we introduced the sense of control as a regulating variable to see if it could adjust the intermediary model of the second middle school. 208 college students were randomly divided into two groups. By initiating tasks, some subjects experienced a higher sense of control temporarily, while others experienced a lower sense of control. The results showed that the moderated intermediary model was established. The mediating effect of the attribution tendency within the gap between the rich and the poor on the subjective social stratum's influence on the sense of justice is regulated by the level of sense of control: in the case of no sense of control, the intermediary model is established, while in the case of the sense of control, the intermediary model is established. There is no significant difference in the attribution tendency between the rich and the poor in the social stratum, the predictive function of the social stratum and the sense of systematic justice is not significant, and the intermediary model is not established. This result is a useful exploration of why the hypothesis of status justice exists. Also can provide certain reference for social management.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.61

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