从单位人到劳动的个人—当代中国管理理念的人本跃迁

发布时间：2018-03-19 13:38

本文选题：管理理念　切入点：单位人　出处：《广东财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：管理理念是管理经验的凝炼与升华。作为人类智慧的一个独立分支，管理理念自从产生来就存在着管理的主体、管理的客体即所谓管理的二元结构的关系问题。在管理系统中，管理主体占有管理的有利资源，能够充分发挥作为主体的自主性、能动性、创造性，是能够支配和主导管理客体的一方；管理客体则处于被支配和被主导的地位，分享少部分或者不能分享管理的资源。现代管理产生于美洲，它是工业革命的必然产物，现代管理理念更多地服从于、服务于产品的增长和劳动生产率的提高，即管理理念更多地呈现为马克思所说的人的发展的物的依赖性阶段：“在现代世界，生产表现为人的目的，而财富则表现为生产的目的。”①作为管理的理念，管理的主体经由为了神、为了君主、为了资本所有者的历史嬗变；而管理的客体即农业劳动者和手工业劳动者一直被看成是为神、为君主、为资本所有者创造农业财富和手工业财富的工具和玩偶。中国的管理实践、管理理念历史悠久，，但中国更多地表现为自然经济基础上的管理实践、管理经验。1956年②，社会主义中国完成了三大改造，进入了计划经济时代，单位成为国家管理社会的基本单元。从1956年到1978年十一届三中全会以前，单位人的管理理念主导了中国的社会发展进程。改革开放以来，中国的所有制制度和社会结构发生了剧烈变迁，出现了新的社会阶层。中国人逐渐从单位的束缚中解脱出来成为可以凭借自身努力实现自己的价值的劳动的个人。在当代中国，管理理念的人本跃迁表现为管理对象从计划经济时代的单位转变为市场经济时代劳动的个人，表现为人的主体性从计划经济时代的群体特质转变为市场经济时代的个体特质。
[Abstract]:Management concept is the condensation and sublimation of management experience. As an independent branch of human wisdom, management concept has existed since its emergence, and the object of management is the relationship between the so-called dual structure of management. The management subject possesses the favorable resources of management, can give full play to the autonomy, initiative and creativity of the subject, is the party that can dominate and lead the management object, and the management object is in the position of being dominated and dominated. Share a small portion or not of the managed resources. Modern management came into being in the Americas. It was the inevitable result of the industrial revolution. The modern management concept served the growth of products and the improvement of labor productivity. That is to say, the concept of management is more of a dependent stage of human development as Marx called it: "in the modern world, production is the purpose of human beings, while wealth is the purpose of production." 1 as the concept of management, The subject of management is transmutation for the sake of God, for the monarch, for the owner of capital, and the object of management, that is, the agricultural laborer and the handicraft laborer, has always been regarded as the god, the monarch. Tools and dolls for creating agricultural and handicraft wealth for capital owners. China's management practices have a long history, but China is more of a natural economy based on management practices, Management experience. In 1956, socialist China completed three major transformations, entered the era of planned economy, and the unit became the basic unit of state management of society. From 1956 to 1978 before the third Plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee, The concept of unit management dominates the process of social development in China. Since the reform and opening up, China's ownership system and social structure have undergone dramatic changes. A new social stratum has emerged. The Chinese are gradually freed from the bondage of the unit to become individuals who can work hard to realize their own value. In contemporary China, The humanism transition of the management idea shows that the management object changes from the unit of the planned economy era to the individual labor in the market economy age, and the subjectivity of the person changes from the group characteristic of the planned economy age to the individual characteristic of the market economy age.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.1;D630

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