朝向人类起源与演化研究的共业:古人类学、考古学与遗传学的交叉与整合

发布时间：2018-03-31 12:26

本文选题：古人类学　切入点：考古学　出处：《人类学学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：对于方兴未艾的现代人类起源与演化问题的研究,目前主要在遗传学、古人类学和旧石器时代考古学三个领域内进行。学者们提出了"多地区进化说"、"连续进化附带杂交说"、"出自非洲说"、"融合说"等观点与假说,有的学说针锋相对,南辕北辙。究其原因,除了相关研究还处于盲人摸象的阶段,只是在局部问题与材料上做分析和解释,尚无法得出全面、能被普遍接受的结论外,由于不同学科存在研究对象、方法和思路的不同,学科间缺少了解、沟通与协作,出现一些学术语言和研究结论不被彼此理解和接受的情况,存在一定的误解与无谓的争论,影响了相互之间的借鉴、互动和成果的共享,进而妨碍了跨学科的整合研究并达成学术共识。其实,每个学科都有自己的特点和不可替代的优势,每个学科也有难以克服的弱点,在解决人类起源与演化这样重大的学术问题上,任何一个学科都不可能包打天下,独享其成。因而,开展相关领域的交流合作,尤其是传统的古人类学、考古学与新兴的分子生物学之间的交叉与协作,明确彼此的关注点、需求和专长,凝练共同的学术问题和目标,整合现有的研究问题、资源与成果并向着共同的学术方向一道前行,是推动相关研究走向深入并破译现代人起源这一重大命题的必要举措。
[Abstract]:The research on the origin and evolution of modern man is mainly carried out in the fields of genetics, paleoanthropology and paleolithic archaeology.Scholars put forward "multi-region evolution theory", "continuous evolution incidental hybridization theory", "African theory", "fusion theory" and other views and hypotheses.The reason is that, apart from the fact that the related studies are still in the stage of blind people's feeling, they only analyze and explain the local problems and materials, and can not reach a comprehensive and generally accepted conclusion. Besides, because of the existence of research objects in different disciplines,Different methods and ideas, lack of understanding, communication and collaboration among disciplines, some academic language and research conclusions are not understood and accepted by each other, there are certain misunderstandings and unnecessary arguments, which affect the mutual reference.Interaction and sharing of achievements hinder the interdisciplinary integration of research and reach an academic consensus.In fact, each discipline has its own characteristics and irreplaceable advantages, and each discipline also has an insurmountable weakness. In solving such a major academic problem as the origin and evolution of mankind, no one discipline can possibly cover the whole world.Enjoy it alone.Therefore, to carry out exchanges and cooperation in related fields, especially traditional paleontology, archaeology, and emerging molecular biology, and to clarify each other's concerns, needs and expertise, and to refine common academic issues and goals.Integrating the existing research problems, resources and achievements and moving forward towards the same academic direction is the necessary measure to promote the related research to go deep and to decipher the important proposition of the origin of modern people.
【作者单位】：中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41672024) 中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-15) 科技部科技基础性工作专项(2014FY110300)
【分类号】：C912.4

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