杭州市居民幸福感实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 13:08

本文选题：结构方程模型 + 模糊层次分析法　；参考：《浙江财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：学术界以幸福感为主要内容的研究比较多,随着研究的不断深入,逐渐呈现出居民幸福感研究与经济学、社会学、心理学、管理学与统计学等相关内容研究相融合的趋势,居民幸福研究在研究内容与研究方法上都取得了大量的研究成果。本文首先介绍幸福感研究相关理论和实证研究方法,遵循从微观到宏观的思路,设计出鉴别力良好且信效度均佳的幸福感调查问卷,来对杭州城乡居民幸福感进行调查。然后利用问卷调查数据对杭州城乡居民幸福感进行实证研究,其目的主要在于研究居民幸福感的影响因素和测度居民幸福指数,具体内容分为三部分:其一,通过结构方程模型拟合数据的结果来探究幸福感影响因素之间的关系;其二,构建指标体系来测度杭州城乡居民幸福指数;其三,探究人口统计学变量与居民幸福指数之间的关系。最后根据研究结论提出政策建议以提高杭州城乡居民幸福感。通过实证研究杭州城乡居民幸福感,得到以下结论:第一,在居民幸福感影响因子之间的直接效应中,宏观环境因子的改善对政府监管效应的影响最大,其次是亲情友情因子对身心健康因子的影响。在幸福感影响因子与其相应的观测指标之间,政府效率对宏观环境因子的影响最大,收入公平对政府监管因子的影响最大,家人关系对亲情友情因子的影响最大,居住环境对生活环境因子的影响最大;第二,采用指标等权和不等权的方法得到杭州城乡居民幸福指数分别为69.14和68.99,鉴于两种方法差距不大,选用等权测度结果进行分析。在等权测度中,亲情友情因子指数最高,是促使杭州城乡居民幸福指数中等偏上的重要原因。政府监管因子指数最低,在政府监管因子对应的单项指标中,房价调控指数(52.07)最低。通过对居民的幸福预期进行统计分析,其结果表明杭州城乡居民具有幸福信心。第三,城镇居民幸福指数高于农村居民,户籍会显著影响居民幸福感;26-40岁群体的幸福指数高于其它年龄阶段的群体,40-55岁以下群体的幸福指数偏低,幸福指数最低的年龄阶段是55岁以上;本科学历群体的幸福指数高于其它文化程度的群体,其幸福指数集中在60-70的范围内;幸福指数最高的职业是教师,下岗人员的幸福指数低于其它职业群体;在一定的收入范围内,居民幸福指数随着月收入的增加有上升的趋势;已婚群体的幸福指数高于其它婚姻状况的群体,离异或丧偶群体的幸福指数最低;居民幸福指数与社会阶层呈现出正相关关系。根据结论提出下述政策建议:第一,宣传环保知识,落实环境保护措施,倡导居民共同维护良好的周边环境。政府应积极带动居民开展相应的环保活动,提高居民进行环保的积极性,加强环境基础设施的建设和环保技术的研发,促进绿色经济的发展,构建循环经济发展模式。第二,为居民提供实时的就业信息,积极引导有劳动能力的居民正常就业,提高社会就业保障。完善居民失业保险制度,促进下岗人员和残疾人员就业。就业问题直接关系着居民的经济来源和基本的物质生活,切实解决就业问题是居民获得幸福感的基础。第三,有效控制房价和物价的不合理上涨,调节房价与居民收入不协调的矛盾,提高居民的生活水平。健全有关市场价格的立法,完善市场价格的监控系统和预警系统,防止商品定价的不合理。合理调整城市居民住房供应结构,为困难群体提供较多的廉租房和经济适用房,减少经济困难群体对住房问题的担忧。第四,关注社会弱势群体,注重增加社会底层群体的幸福感。农民、农民工和失业人员是人数最多的弱势群体,落实对这些群体的社会保障有利于整体提高杭州城乡居民的幸福感。健全农民医疗保障制度和生活保障制度,切实解决农民就医问题。提供城市务工人员的社会保障,使其能够享受与城市居民同样的城市医疗保障和城市最低生活保障。
[Abstract]:There is a lot of research on happiness as the main content of the academic circle. With the deepening of the research, the trend of integration of the research of residents' happiness with economics, sociology, psychology, management and statistics has been gradually presented, and the study of residents' happiness has made a great deal of research results in the study of internal capacity and research methods. This paper first introduces the related theories and empirical research methods of the study of happiness, and follows from microcosmic to macro thinking, designs a happy sense questionnaire with good discriminability and good reliability and validity, and investigates the well-being of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou. Then, we use the questionnaire survey data to make an empirical study on the well-being of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou. The main reason is to study the influencing factors of the well-being of the residents and measure the happiness index of residents. The specific content is divided into three parts: first, the relationship between the factors of happiness is explored through the results of the structural equation model fitting the results of the data. Secondly, the index system is constructed to measure the happiness index of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou; thirdly, to explore the demographic statistics. The relationship between the variables and the residents' happiness index. Finally, according to the conclusion of the study, the policy suggestions are proposed to improve the well-being of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou. Through the empirical study of the well-being of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou, the following conclusions are obtained: first, the improvement of macro environmental factors in the direct effect of the factors affecting the well-being of residents, the effect of macro environmental factors on the government regulatory effect The influence of the relationship between friendship and friendship on physical and mental health factors is the next. Between the influence factor of happiness and its corresponding observation index, the effect of government efficiency on macro environmental factors is the greatest. Income equity has the greatest impact on the government regulatory factors. Family relations have the greatest impact on friendship factors, and the living environment is healthy. The influence of the living environment factor is the greatest. Second, the urban and rural residents' happiness index in Hangzhou is 69.14 and 68.99 respectively by means of the right and unequal rights. In view of the difference of the two methods, the result of the equal right measure is analyzed. In the equal right measure, the number of relatives and friendship factors is the highest, which makes the urban and rural residents of Hangzhou average happiness index medium. The most important reason is that the government regulatory factor index is the lowest, and the price regulation index (52.07) is the lowest among the government regulatory factors. The results show that the urban and rural residents in Hangzhou have happiness confidence. Third, the urban residents' happiness index is higher than that of rural residents, and the household registration will be significant. The happiness index of 26-40 year old group is higher than that of other age groups. The happiness index of the group under 40-55 years old is lower and the lowest level of the happiness index is over 55 years. The happiness index of the undergraduate education group is higher than that of the other groups, and its happiness index is within the range of 60-70; the happiness index is the most. Higher occupation is teachers, the happiness index of laid-off workers is lower than that of other occupational groups; in a certain income range, the happiness index of residents increases with the increase of monthly income; the happiness index of married group is higher than those of other marital status, the happiness index of divorced or widowed group is the lowest; the happiness index of residents and the social order are the lowest. According to the conclusion, the following policy suggestions are put forward: first, publicizing environmental protection knowledge, implementing environmental protection measures and advocating the common maintenance of the surrounding environment. The government should actively promote the residents to carry out the corresponding environmental protection activities, improve the residents' enthusiasm for environmental protection, and strengthen the construction of environmental infrastructure and environmental protection technology. Research and development to promote the development of green economy and build a circular economy development model. Second, provide real time employment information for residents, actively guide the normal employment of the residents with labor ability, improve the social employment guarantee, improve the unemployment insurance system for the residents, and promote the employment of the laid-off workers and the disabled people. The problem of employment is directly related to the residents. The economic source and the basic material life, effectively solving the employment problem is the basis for the residents to gain a sense of happiness. Third, to effectively control the unreasonable rise of prices and prices, to regulate the contradiction between house prices and residents' income, to improve the living standards of the residents, to improve the legislation on market prices, to improve the monitoring system and early warning of market prices. The system can prevent the unreasonable price of commodity, rationally adjust the housing supply structure of urban residents, provide more low rent housing and affordable housing for the difficult groups, reduce the concern of the economic difficult groups to the housing problem. Fourth, pay attention to the social disadvantaged groups and pay more attention to the happiness of the bottom of the social groups. Farmers, migrant workers and unemployed people are The largest number of vulnerable groups, the implementation of the social security of these groups is conducive to the overall improvement of the well-being of urban and rural residents in Hangzhou, improve the system of farmers' medical security and life security, effectively solve the problem of farmers' medical treatment, and provide social security for urban workers, so that they can enjoy the same urban medical security as urban residents. And the minimum living security of the city.

【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.6

【参考文献】