农村糖尿病患者自我管理的社会工作介入研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 01:08

本文选题：农村糖尿病患者 + 自我管理　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现在,糖尿病的治疗和控制已经逐渐成为一个社会热点问题。糖尿病是以血糖水平不正常为主要特征的代谢性疾病群,伴随种类多、后果严重的并发症。罹患糖尿病的人不仅有常规的心理焦虑的折磨,还要时刻提防潜在的诸多并发症,该慢性病无法长时间挂靠医院进行治疗,除却合理的药物治疗,控制病情的最主要也是最有效手段就是自我管理。如今在我国,与经济发展水平不断提升相伴的是农村地区广大人民群众不断改善的生活水平,并衍生导致糖尿病的发生率呈现出上升趋势。城乡一体化变革、饮食结构改变、工作时间缩短等原因使糖尿病在农村的流行速度非比从前。尽管现在在国家强调基本公共卫生服务均等化的大背景下,农村地区得到了更多的医疗资源,农村的群众对慢性病的重视有了很大的提升,但农村糖尿病人群规模仍越来越大,农村糖尿病前期患者比例甚至与城市相当,甚至有地方出现了“糖尿病村”。但农村地区患者由于科学卫生知识水平较低,对糖尿病的认知还存在许多误区,以致于经常发生忽视自我管理或不了解自我管理的科学方法的现象,因此需要对其特别关注。鉴于农村糖尿病患的控病特点,社会工作的介入将会是可行且有效的。本文选取菏泽市皇镇乡徐X=屯村和付海村为主要调查地。笔者与当地医院慢性病科室、村卫生室的工作人员接触,了解当地糖尿病患者自我管理行为中存在的问题,并参照文献资料和实际情况分析问题产生的原因,继而尝试召集调查地区有意愿的糖尿病患者组成支持性小组,邀请专业医师作为指导,对这些患者展开社会工作小组介入。在社会工作者的引导和专业医师的科学卫生知识指导下,小组成员逐渐敞开心扉,彼此交流讯息、经验、教训,彼此鼓励、互助、支持,使小组形成了人人努力达到自我管理的认知科学、心态科学、方法科学的氛围,在这种氛围之中结合家庭、社会等因素,帮助小组成员探寻自身控病的问题并掌握正确的自我管理方法,最终达到稳定血糖水平的目的。在实地研究中,笔者发现社会工作介入农村糖尿病患者时要格外注意案主的文化水平和社会环境,要求社会工作者要以更多的耐心和更深入的引导来进行针对性的介入。本文作为一篇实务研究文章,探索了小组社会工作针对农村慢性病患者介入的可行性、方法和经验教训,以期为今后的相关研究抛砖引玉。
[Abstract]:Now, the treatment and control of diabetes has gradually become a hot social issue. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease group characterized by abnormal blood glucose level, accompanied by many kinds of complications with serious consequences. People with diabetes not only suffer from routine mental anxiety, but are also constantly on the lookout for potential complications. The chronic disease cannot be treated for long periods of time in hospitals, except for reasonable medication. The most important and effective means of controlling the disease is self-management. Now in our country, the rising level of economic development is accompanied by the continuous improvement of the living standards of the masses in rural areas, and the incidence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise. The transformation of urban and rural integration, the change of diet structure and the shortening of working hours make the prevalence rate of diabetes in rural areas not as fast as before. Despite the fact that in the context of the state's emphasis on equalization of basic public health services, rural areas have been given more medical resources, and people in rural areas have greatly increased their emphasis on chronic diseases, the scale of rural diabetes is still increasing. The proportion of prediabetic patients in rural areas is even comparable to that in urban areas, and there are even places where "diabetic villages" appear. However, due to the low level of scientific and health knowledge in rural areas, there are still many misunderstandings in the cognition of diabetes mellitus, which often lead to the phenomenon of neglecting self-management or scientific methods of self-management, so it is necessary to pay special attention to it. In view of the characteristics of diabetes control in rural areas, social work intervention will be feasible and effective. This paper selects Xu X = Tun Village and Fu Hai Village in Huangzhen Township of Heze City as the main investigation places. The author contacted the staff of the chronic disease department and the village health office of the local hospital to understand the problems existing in the self-management behavior of the local diabetic patients, and to analyze the causes of the problems with reference to the literature and the actual situation. An attempt was made to convene a supportive group of willing diabetics in the survey area and to invite professional physicians to conduct social work group interventions on these patients. Under the guidance of social workers and the scientific and health knowledge of professional doctors, the members of the group gradually opened up their hearts and shared information, experiences, lessons, encouragement, mutual assistance and support. The group has created an atmosphere of cognitive science, psychology science, and methodological science in which everyone works to achieve self-management, in which family, society, and other factors are integrated. Help team members to explore the problem of self-control and master the correct self-management to stabilize blood sugar levels. In the field study, the author found that the social work involved in rural diabetes patients should pay special attention to the cultural level and social environment of the victim, social workers should be more patient and more in-depth guidance to carry out targeted intervention. This paper, as a practical research article, explores the feasibility, methods and lessons of group social work for the intervention of chronic patients in rural areas, in order to draw lessons from the relevant studies in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R587.1;C916

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