秩序与自由：公民社会的理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 07:51

本文选题：公民社会 + 现代性　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民社会是自人类社会进入现代以来所特有的社会形态,这一社会形态的出现,首次实现了人类社会对于秩序和自由的双重需求,解决了社会的有序存在与个人的自由发展之间所固有的矛盾。本文旨在通过对西方公民社会理论与实践的理解,促成对中国社会的现代化转型的恰切认识。经由西方现代化之经验所提供的参照系,我们能够看到中国的现代化从起飞到完成所要遵从的现代性运作逻辑,这无疑是后发现代化国家所能借助的重要资源之一,即在借鉴经验的同时规避现代化的诸多陷阱。公民社会的到来是中国现代化的必然后果,也是检验中国现代化成败的重要标准。培育完善的公民社会是现代化转型的关键任务,这一任务所倚赖的历史文化传统与国际经济政治文化资源均应得到知识阶层的严格审视,从而才能正确回答转型社会的“是”与“应当”的问题,继而才能确保知识分子的知识产品具有理论的解释力和现实的指导力。作为中国公民社会建设的一支重要推动力量,知识分子对于现实的准确把握和对于理论的正确输出将成为未来成熟的中国公民社会的一种品质保证。对于转型社会所特有的社会矛盾和社会问题,作者从宏观社会资本的角度论述了这些矛盾和问题产生的原因,同时指出,有效提升社会资本的措施不仅会有助于解决转型期的社会问题,还将大大促进公民社会的完善。虽然,公民社会相较于已有的其他社会形态来说具有极大的优越性,但是它仍然无法避免自身所固有的缺陷,这既是人性的现实也是人类生存的现实,因此,对于现代性批判的审视将有助于我们深刻认识公民社会的固有缺陷并从源头上遏制它的产生全文共分为八个部分：第一部分为绪论。此部分包括内容有选题意义及研究述评、相关概念界定、问题的提出和研究方法阐述等。第二部分考察了作为中国现代化实践的参照系的西方公民社会的理论和实践以及由此得出的启示。第三部分简述了中国的现代化历程,审视了现代性的勃发在中国所引发的深刻变迁以及相应的历史后果。第四部分以局外人的身份重新审视了中国在全球化时代的国家形象,以期得到一个更加客观理性的自我评价,并进而加深不同文化之间的相互理解与相互支持。第五部分从知识社会学的角度考察了知识人的社会角色以及作为中国现代化的重要推动力量之一的当代中国知识分子的现代性话语,并指出了知识分子与公民社会建设之间存在的关联。第六部分探讨了中国公民社会的历史任务、转型期社会问题的成因以及如何构建中国的公民社会。第七部分聚焦于西方现代性批判的问题意识,意在凸显公民社会可能存在的固有缺陷。第八部分为结语。
[Abstract]:Civil society is the unique social form since the human society entered the modern era. The appearance of this social form, for the first time, has realized the dual demand for order and freedom in human society. It resolves the inherent contradiction between the orderly existence of the society and the free development of the individual. The purpose of this paper is to understand the theory and practice of civil society in the West and to promote the proper understanding of the modernization transformation of Chinese society. From the frame of reference provided by the experience of modernization in the West, we can see that the modernization of China has to follow the logic of modernity from take-off to completion. This is undoubtedly one of the important resources that latecomers can use to help modern countries. That is to learn from experience while avoiding many traps of modernization. The arrival of civil society is the inevitable consequence of China's modernization and an important criterion to test the success or failure of China's modernization. Cultivating a perfect civil society is the key task of the modernization transformation. The historical and cultural tradition and the international economic, political and cultural resources that the task relies on should be strictly examined by the intellectual class. Only then can we correctly answer the questions of "yes" and "should" in the transitional society, and then ensure that intellectual knowledge products have theoretical explanatory power and practical guiding power. As an important driving force in the construction of Chinese civil society, intellectuals' accurate grasp of reality and correct output of theory will become a kind of quality guarantee for the future mature Chinese civil society. For the social contradictions and social problems peculiar to the transitional society, the author discusses the causes of these contradictions and problems from the perspective of macro social capital, and points out that, Effective measures to improve social capital will not only help to solve the social problems in the transition period, but also greatly promote the perfection of civil society. Although civil society has great advantages over other existing social forms, it still cannot avoid its inherent defects, which is not only the reality of human nature but also the reality of human existence. The critical examination of modernity will help us to deeply understand the inherent defects of civil society and contain it from the source. The full text is divided into eight parts: The first part is the introduction. This part includes topics significance and research review, definition of relevant concepts, questions and research methods. The second part examines the theory and practice of western civil society as a reference system of China's modernization practice and its enlightenment. The third part briefly describes the course of China's modernization, examines the profound changes caused by the prosperity of modernity in China and the corresponding historical consequences. The fourth part reexamines China's national image in the era of globalization as an outsider in the hope of getting a more objective and rational self-evaluation and deepening mutual understanding and mutual support among different cultures. The fifth part examines the social role of intellectual person and the modern discourse of contemporary Chinese intellectuals as one of the important driving forces of Chinese modernization from the angle of sociology of knowledge. It also points out the relationship between intellectuals and civil society construction. The sixth part discusses the historical task of Chinese civil society, the causes of the social problems in the transitional period and how to construct the civil society in China. The seventh part focuses on the problem consciousness of western modernity criticism, which is intended to highlight the inherent defects of civil society. The eighth part is the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.4

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