社会排斥与社会融入：J社区流动儿童社会工作介入研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:11

本文选题：流动儿童 + 社会排斥　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪80年代以来,伴随着改革开放的不断深入和市场经济的迅速发展,以及城市化的逐步推进,流动儿童问题引起社会各界的关注。儿童是人类的未来,是社会可持续发展的重要资源,流动儿童作为特殊的儿童群体,他们在融入城市社会的过程中面临着诸多问题。基于此背景,本研究以流动儿童为研究对象,提出了以下研究问题:流动儿童社会排斥的表现及成因有哪些?流动儿童社会融入的需要有哪些?影响流动儿童社会融入的保护性因素和风险性因素有哪些?如何运用社会工作方法有效避免风险因素的干扰,有效促进流动儿童社会融入?本研究希望通过回答这些问题,探讨流动儿童社会排斥的困境,并通过社会工作方法进行介入,促进流动儿童顺利实现社会融入,提升流动儿童家庭的幸福感,维护社区及社会的稳定和谐,因此,本研究具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。本研究采用定性研究方法,以南京市J社区为调研地点,运用访谈法(访谈对象包括流动儿童、流动儿童家长及社区工作人员等19人)、文献法、参与式观察法进行资料收集;以社会排斥理论为基础,结合社会生态系统理论,对所收集的资料进行研究分析,具体分析了流动儿童社会排斥和融入现状,在此基础上,针对影响流动儿童社会融入的风险因素进行社会工作干预。通过研究发现:第一,流动儿童社会排斥表现为居住条件恶劣、学习成绩较差、语言沟通障碍、身份认同感模糊、同辈群体关系不融洽等;社会排斥的原因包括家庭经济收入低、区域教育资源分布不均、城市文化冲击等。第二:流动儿童社会融入的需要表现为亟需改善居住环境、提高学习能力、融入新的语言环境、形成城市归属感、扩展朋友圈等。第三,影响流动儿童社会融入的保护因素包括较强的生活自理能力、对新鲜事物的好奇心、更多的自主决定权、兄弟姐妹间的良性互动、社区制度安排等;风险因素包括自卑胆怯的心态、学习能力欠缺、父母的物质支持不足、父母的陪伴时间不够、教育方式过于简单粗暴、邻里关系疏远等。第四,通过开展自信心提升小组、亲子关系改善小组、邻里关系促进小组活动,有效地克服了影响流动儿童社会融入的风险因素,促进了流动儿童的社会融入。研究者针对上述问题提出了政策和服务建议,包括加大对流动儿童家庭的扶持、加快社会工作理念和方法的落实、优化区域教育资源配置等,以期为促进流动儿童社会融入提供参考性建议。此外,研究者期待在未来的研究当中,能够全方位地考虑到不同的系统层面,并使用多元化的社会工作方法进行介入,同时通过跨社区研究和持续干预,增强社会工作介入的效果,促进流动儿童社会融入,增进流动儿童家庭乃至社会的福祉。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, with the deepening of reform and opening up, the rapid development of market economy, and the gradual promotion of urbanization, the problem of floating children has attracted the attention of all walks of life. Children are the future of mankind and an important resource for the sustainable development of society. As a special group of children, migrant children are faced with many problems in the process of integrating into urban society. Based on this background, this study takes migrant children as the research object, and puts forward the following research questions: what are the manifestations and causes of social exclusion of migrant children? What are the social integration needs of migrant children? What are the protective factors and risk factors that affect the social integration of floating children? How to use social work methods to effectively avoid the interference of risk factors and effectively promote the social integration of migrant children? This study hopes to answer these questions, explore the plight of social exclusion of migrant children, and through social work methods to intervene to promote the smooth realization of social integration of migrant children, improve the well-being of migrant children in their families. Therefore, this study has important practical and theoretical significance. This research adopts qualitative research method, takes Nanjing J community as the research place, uses the interview method (including floating children, floating children parents and community workers, etc.), literature method, participatory observation method to collect data; Based on the theory of social exclusion and the theory of social ecosystem, this paper makes a research and analysis on the data collected, and concretely analyzes the social exclusion and integration of floating children. Social work intervention was carried out on the risk factors affecting the social integration of migrant children. The results show that: first, the social exclusion of migrant children is characterized by poor living conditions, poor academic performance, language communication barriers, vague identity, disharmony of peer groups and so on; The causes of social exclusion include low household income, uneven distribution of regional educational resources, urban culture shock and so on. Second, the needs of social integration of migrant children are the urgent need to improve living environment, improve learning ability, integrate into the new language environment, form a sense of belonging in the city, expand the circle of friends and so on. Third, the protective factors that affect the social integration of floating children include strong ability to take care of themselves, curiosity about new things, more independent decision, good interaction between brothers and sisters, community institutional arrangement and so on. The risk factors include inferiority complex, lack of learning ability, insufficient material support of parents, insufficient time of parents' company, too simple and rude way of education, alienated neighborhood relationship and so on. Fourth, through the development of self-confidence promotion group, parent-child relationship improvement group, neighborhood relationship promotion group activities, effectively overcome the risk factors affecting the social integration of migrant children, and promote the social integration of migrant children. The researchers put forward policies and service suggestions to solve the above problems, including increasing the support to the families of migrant children, speeding up the implementation of social work concepts and methods, optimizing the allocation of regional educational resources, and so on. In order to promote the social integration of migrant children to provide reference advice. In addition, researchers look forward to future research that takes into account the different systemic dimensions in all its aspects and uses diverse social work methods to intervene, while at the same time through cross-community research and continuous intervention. Enhance the effect of social work intervention, promote the social integration of migrant children, and enhance the well-being of migrant children's families and society.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C916

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