当代西方女性身体观研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 18:33

本文选题：身体 + 女性身体　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：数千年来,在男权社会,通过政治、经济、文化、教育,尤其是通过哲学传统对灵魂和身体进行的本体论疏离,不仅造成身体的失落,也同时使得那被否定、贬低和歧视的身体几乎完全投射到女性领域。直到二十世纪七十年代,随着女性主义、新马克思主义和后现代主义的逐步融合,西方女性主义才开始新的转向。当代女性主义者将“身体”研究上升到女性主义的核心位置之后,便出现一批“身体女性主义者”(corporeal feminist)。她们从身心分离的二元论及其对女人的限制入手,努力以自己的方式来解构现代主体,以回归身体一元论。本文正是从身体女性主义的基本立场出发,利用“为什么女性受压迫和如何消灭压迫”的框架对女性身体进行了存在论分析,以期最终从精神的牢笼中解放身体、解放女性。具体而论：一是,讨论了当代女性主义正在激烈争论的性别差异问题：通过对二元论视阈下性别差异的质询来开启对身体性别的思考；阐释了真正的性别差异产生于主体间性而非主客体的关系；反对以“同一”的逻辑看待女性,发展关注他者的性别差异伦理。二是,在肯定二元之外性别差异的基础上,深入审视了女性身体的异化问题：对女性身体的处境进行了社会结构分析,表明女性处于性别化权力分层中被压迫的位置；探讨了在父权制的体制和权力机制下女性的身体被客体化、工具化和奴役化的命运,指出这种将女性活生生的身体还原为物的命运,使女性身体远离了它自身；揭示了当女性身体运用自由的方式和女性肉身化的主动实践受到阻碍时,女性身体如何成为既无法超越意识形态和权力的束缚又不完全等同于男性欲望和知识再现的窘迫身体。三是,针对女性身体窘迫的现状,对如何实现女性身体的解放进行了探寻：阐明女性身体的解放就是要实现自我与他人之间自由、开放的肉身化交流；从身体自由的角度分析了传统女性的政治解放思想和后现代女性主义者的身份颠覆策略；在此基础上,主张将传统女性主义的解放政治和后现代女性主义的生活政治结合起来,并以“策略上的本质主义”运用女性主体的概念进行身体解放的实践,最终将边缘化的认知和存在方式带到中心。四是,探讨了后人类的女性身体——女性主义赛博格：指出大众文化有关后人类的叙事是对二元的身体观和性别观的复制,体现着超越肉身的幻想；论证了女性主义赛博格本体论所具有的批判力量；对网络社会中的女性主义赛博格的实践路径进行了尝试性的探寻,以期在赛博空间和物理空间的广泛领域内寻求真正的身体解放。
[Abstract]:For thousands of years, in a patriarchal society, the ontological alienation of the soul and body through politics, economics, culture, education, and, in particular, philosophical tradition, not only caused the loss of the body, but also negated it. Demeaning and discriminating bodies project almost entirely into the female sphere. It was not until the 1970s, with the gradual integration of feminism, neo-Marxism and postmodernism, that Western feminism began a new turn. After contemporary feminists raised the study of "body" to the core of feminism, a group of "body feminists" appeared. Starting from the dualism of body and mind and its limitation on women, they try to deconstruct the modern subject in their own way and return to the body monism. Based on the basic standpoint of body feminism, this paper analyzes the existential theory of female body by using the frame of "why women are oppressed and how to eliminate oppression", in order to liberate the body and women from the spiritual cage. To be specific: first, it discusses the issue of gender difference, which is being intensely debated by contemporary feminism: by questioning the gender difference under the view of dualism, we can start to think about body sex; It explains that the real gender difference comes from the relationship between subject and object rather than between subject and object, opposes to treat women with the logic of "same", and develops the ethics of gender difference which pays attention to others. Second, on the basis of affirming the gender difference outside of duality, this paper deeply examines the alienation of female body: the social structure analysis of female body shows that women are in the position of oppression in the stratification of gender power; This paper probes into the fate of female body being objectified, instrumentalized and enslaved under the patriarchal system and power mechanism, and points out that the female body is far away from itself. It reveals how the female body becomes the embarrassed body which can neither transcend the shackles of ideology and power nor be equal to the male desire and knowledge reappearance when the free way of female body and the active practice of female body are hindered. Thirdly, aiming at the current situation of female body distress, this paper explores how to realize female body emancipation: it clarifies that the emancipation of female body is to realize free and open physical communication between self and others; From the angle of body freedom, this paper analyzes the political emancipation of traditional women and the status subversion strategy of postmodern feminists, on the basis of which, it advocates to combine the emancipation politics of traditional feminism with the life politics of postmodern feminism. The author uses the concept of female subject to carry out the practice of body liberation, and finally brings the marginalized cognition and the way of existence to the center. Fourthly, it discusses the female body of posthuman-feminism Cyberberg: it points out that the narration of posthuman in popular culture is a reproduction of the dual body view and gender view, which embodies the fantasy of transcending the physical body; This paper demonstrates the critical power of feminist cyber-ontology, and tries to explore the practical path of feminist cyber-ontology in the network society. In order to seek real body liberation in the wide range of cyberspace and physical space.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C913.68

【参考文献】