从“志在富民”到“文化自觉”:费孝通先生晚年的思想转向

发布时间：2018-06-12 15:55

本文选题：费孝通 + 社会学方法论　；参考：《社会》2017年04期

【摘要】：本文是对费孝通先生晚年思想转向之成因的研究。费孝通晚年的研究强调理论与实践并重,力倡"文化自觉",由早年注重西方文化变而偏重于中国传统文化。通过对费孝通晚年著作的详细考察,本文认为,费孝通的思想转向是他在对中国现实社会的不间断的调查、实践和反思中形成的。这种思想转向是一种"社会科学"的转向,而不是文化立场的转变。本文以四个部分来论述这种转向的发生。前两个部分讨论费孝通晚年谱写的"两篇文章",即小城镇和乡镇企业研究、民族和边区开发研究。在这两个领域的经验研究中,费孝通都遇到了社会学和人类学上的挑战,他发现:乡村工业、民族和边区的发展都不只是经济社会政策的问题,甚至也不是经济和社会结构的问题,而是和其背后"只能意会、不能言传"的心态和文化有关。如何把握这些心态和文化,是本文的第三个部分,即费孝通晚年社会学方法论的主要内容。费先生从英国人类学家Leach因《江村经济》所提出的两个方法论问题入手,在生命的最后十多年里展开了漫长而严谨的反思。反思的结果一方面是对社会学研究方法论的新看法,也是对上述两个经验问题的总回答,另一方面是对"文化自觉"理论的方法论补充。本文的最后一个部分讨论的是费孝通作为一个社会科学家,晚年如何身体力行,在"差序格局"中"推己及人",延续了中国传统文化中以天下为己任的士大夫精神,是为真正的"文化自觉"。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study of the causes of Fei Xiaotong's ideological turn in his later years. In his later years, Fei Xiaotong emphasized both theory and practice, and advocated "cultural consciousness", focusing on the change of western culture and Chinese traditional culture in the early years. Through a detailed review of Fei Xiaotong's works in his later years, this paper holds that Fei Xiaotong's ideological turn was formed by his uninterrupted investigation, practice and reflection on China's real society. This shift of thought is a social science shift, not a cultural shift. This paper discusses the occurrence of this kind of turn in four parts. The first two parts discuss the "two articles" written by Fei Xiaotong in his later years, that is, the study of small towns and township enterprises, the study of ethnic and border area development. In both empirical studies, Fei Xiaotong faced sociological and anthropological challenges. He found that rural industry, ethnic development and border region development were not just issues of economic and social policy. It is not even a question of economic and social structure, but a culture-related mentality behind it. How to grasp these psychology and culture is the third part of this paper, which is the main content of Fei Xiaotong's sociological methodology in his later years. From the two methodological problems raised by English anthropologist Leach, he began a long and rigorous reflection in the last ten years of his life. The result of reflection is, on the one hand, a new view on the methodology of sociological research, also a general answer to the above two empirical questions, on the other hand, a supplement to the methodology of the theory of "cultural consciousness". The last part of this paper discusses how Fei Xiaotong, as a social scientist, practiced himself in his later years, "pushing himself in line with others" in the "different order pattern", and continuing the spirit of literati and bureaucrat in Chinese traditional culture, who took the world as his duty. Is for the true "cultural consciousness".
【作者单位】：北京大学社会学系;
【分类号】：C912.82

【相似文献】