留守儿童行为失范问题的法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 01:35

本文选题：留守儿童 + 行为失范　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着我国现代化进程的不断加速发展,农村的剩余劳动力便开始大规模向城市流动。然而,受城乡二元式社会结构体制和自身经济条件的限制,许多外出务工的农民虽然在城市工作,却无法解决子女随其进城后一系列问题,他们的子女只能无奈地被留在农村,于是相应地产生了农村留守儿童群体。另一方面,随着我国经济的发展,与国外的交流日益密切,我国公民向国外流动的规模逐步加大,出现了一部分城市留守儿童。笔者运用社会行为失范理论分析留守儿童出现的问题,针对当前保护留守儿童合法权益的法律体系缺陷,提出几点法律对策。全文除引言和结语外,分为四部分：第一部分留守儿童概述。近年来的文献中对于“留守儿童”的概念有很多种不同表述,笔者从法律研究角度给出了具体的定义,同时分析了留守儿童出现的背景和现状。提出在密切关注农村留守儿童的同时,城市留守儿童群体也不容忽视。第二部分留守儿童行为失范问题分析。留守儿童在成长中缺乏了父母的行为示范引导和行为规范化教育,从而产生了与规范不一致,不协调,甚至相冲突的行为。从违反规范的不同程度可以将留守儿童失范行为分为越轨行为、违法行为和犯罪行为。留守儿童普遍自控能力差、自由散漫,行为容易受到外在环境的影响而偏离正常以至出现越轨行为。留守儿童违法行为已经具有了一定的现实的社会危害性,尽管没有触犯国家刑法,但是已经违反了我国现行法律的规定,必须给予一定的惩罚。留守儿童犯罪行为的形势非常严峻已经触犯我国刑法,具有严重的社会危害性。第三部分当前对留守儿童行为失范的法律规制。我国已基本形成对留守儿童权利保护的法律体系,这一法律体系主要包括了《宪法》、《民法通则》、《未成年人保护法》、《教育法》、《义务教育法》、《预防未成年人犯罪法》、《刑事诉讼法》等。特别是修订后的《未成年人保护法》注重了对留守儿童权益的保护。但是这一法律体系仍有一些缺陷。主要缺陷在于：立法上缺少上位法支持；执法上缺乏可操作性的程序规定；司法上司法改革滞后。这些因素对于构建儿童权益保护法律体系具有关键性的作用。第四部分留守儿童行为失范问题的法律对策。笔者从加强法制宣传教育工作、完善未成年人犯罪刑事立法、完善司法组织系统来论述留守儿童行为失范问题预防和矫治,并提出制定一部《家庭教育法》,来确定家庭教育的法律地位。综合我国的基本国情,提出了建构《家庭教育法》的基本框架。希望通过完善立法,切实保障留守儿童的合法权益,彻底改善我国留守儿童的现状,促进留守儿童健康成长。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's modernization process, surplus rural labor began to flow to cities on a large scale. However, under the constraints of the urban-rural dual social structure system and their own economic conditions, many migrant farmers, although working in urban areas, are unable to solve a series of problems for their children after they enter the city, and their children can only be left in rural areas reluctantly. Accordingly, the group of children left behind in rural areas came into being. On the other hand, with the development of Chinese economy and the close communication with foreign countries, the scale of Chinese citizens flowing abroad gradually increases, and some urban left-behind children appear. The author analyzes the problems of left-behind children by using the theory of social behavior anomie, and puts forward some legal countermeasures against the defects of the legal system of protecting the legal rights and interests of left-behind children. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of left-behind children. In recent years, there are many different expressions about the concept of "left-behind children" in the literature. The author gives a specific definition from the angle of legal research, and analyzes the background and present situation of left-behind children. It is proposed that while paying close attention to rural left-behind children, urban left-behind children should not be ignored. The second part is the analysis of behavior loss of left-behind children. The left-behind children lack the behavior demonstration guidance and the behavior standardization education of their parents in their growing up, resulting in inconsistent, inconsistent and even conflicting behaviors with the norms. The deviant behavior of left-behind children can be divided into deviant behavior, illegal behavior and criminal behavior. Left-behind children generally have poor self-control, free and loose, and their behavior is easily influenced by the external environment and deviates from normal and even deviates from normal behavior. The illegal behavior of left-behind children has some realistic social harmfulness. Although it has not violated the state criminal law, it has already violated the provisions of our country's current law, and must be punished to a certain extent. The criminal behavior of left-behind children has already violated the criminal law of our country, which has serious social harmfulness. The third part is about the legal regulation of the behavior of left-behind children. China has basically formed a legal system for the protection of the rights of left-behind children. This legal system mainly includes the Constitution, the General principles of Civil Law, the Law on Protection of minors, the Law on Education, the Law on compulsory Education, the Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, the Code of Criminal procedure, and so on. In particular, the revised Law on Protection of minors focuses on the protection of the rights and interests of children left behind. But the legal system still has some flaws. The main defects are: lack of upper legal support in legislation, lack of operational procedural provisions in law enforcement, and lag in judicial reform. These factors play a key role in constructing a legal system for the protection of children's rights and interests. The fourth part is about the legal countermeasures to the problem of the behavior of left-behind children. The author discusses the prevention and correction of the behavior of left-behind children from the aspects of strengthening legal publicity and education, perfecting the criminal legislation of juvenile delinquency, and perfecting the judicial organization system. And put forward a family education law to determine the legal status of family education. Based on the basic situation of our country, this paper puts forward the basic frame of constructing Family Education Law. It is hoped that by perfecting legislation, the legitimate rights and interests of left-behind children can be protected, the present situation of left-behind children will be improved thoroughly and the healthy growth of left-behind children will be promoted.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.183;C913.5

【参考文献】