道德统计学的社会观:塔尔德与涂尔干之争再考察

发布时间：2018-07-06 16:40

本文选题：模仿 + 平均类型　；参考：《社会》2017年06期

【摘要】：鲜有人考察19世纪法国的两位重要社会学家塔尔德和涂尔干之间的争论。本文以两人都倚重的统计学方法为切入口,深入考察两人论辩的实质问题,并力图呈现论辩背后的社会观差异以及各自对社会秩序之基础的思考。塔尔德试图以客观概率的方式去捕捉作为主观变量的社会秩序的生成过程,涂尔干则秉承以凯特莱为代表的道德统计学传统,试图通过纯粹客观的统计数据来捕捉具体社会结构及其功能的正常状态。通过对两人统计学基础的不断追索,本文认为,两人的实质差异在于:塔尔德试图超越社会本体论思考,用单子论的方式把握和理解现代社会特征和秩序的基础,而涂尔干仍然从社会本体的角度做社会学式思考,探寻现代社会的秩序基础。
[Abstract]:Few have examined the controversy between Tarde and Durkheim, two leading sociologists of the 19th century in France. This paper takes the statistical method, which both rely on as the entry point, to investigate the essence of the two people's arguments, and tries to present the differences of social views behind the arguments and their own thoughts on the basis of social order. Tarde attempts to capture the process of social order as a subjective variable in the way of objective probability, while Durkheim inherits the tradition of ethics and statistics represented by Ketley. This paper attempts to capture the normal state of the specific social structure and its functions by purely objective statistical data. Through the continuous tracing of the statistical basis of the two people, this paper holds that the essential difference between the two is that Tarde tries to transcend the social ontology thinking and grasp and understand the characteristics and the basis of the order of the modern society in the way of monologue. And Durkheim still from the point of view of social ontology to do sociological thinking to explore the basis of modern society order.
【作者单位】：首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院社会工作系;
【基金】：北京市教委科研水平提升项目经费资助首都经济贸易大学2016年度科研基金项目成果~~
【分类号】：C8

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