文天祥社会思想研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 21:51

【摘要】：文天祥（1236-1282），字履善，号文山道人。祖籍四川成都，生于吉州庐陵富川（即今江西省吉安县富田乡文家村）。21岁即高中，被宋理宗擢为第一，乃丙辰榜状元。历任宁海军节度判官、江西提刑、知赣州等地方官职，以及秘书省校书郎、礼部郎官、刑部郎官等职，后累官至右丞相兼枢密使。文天祥，作为南宋末期的状元宰相，既能称得上是一位杰出的文学家、思想家、政治家，又是中华民族历史上一位杰出的民族英雄。而且文天祥的思想中包含了大量的社会思想，，具体表现为国家观、爱国思想和人生理想三个层面。文天祥的国家观既包括“天下一统”的国家观，也表现在其忠君忠国思想以及大臣的责任与义务等方面。尤其是他关于直道之政与公道之政关系的认知是其对国家运作的具体阐释，也是其国家观中极富时代特色方面。爱国思想视是文天祥社会思想的重要方面。德yP起勤王、南剑开幕府，矢志不移，坚持抗击蒙（元）的进攻，都是其爱国思想的重要表现。而忧民、安民、关心民众疾苦的民本思想，则成为了文天祥爱国思想的一个重要内涵；从此层面上将，这应该是其爱国思想的重要渊源之一或者说是最主要的渊源之一，并且也使得他的爱国思想远远的超出了单纯地抗击蒙（元）入侵的狭隘范畴，走向更为广阔的精神层面受理学的影响，文天祥的人生理想充满了求仁得仁的理想化人格以及杀身成仁的献身精神。正是上述文天祥的种种大无畏精神，成就了其历史地位。文天祥精神也成为中华民族传统精神文化的重要组成部分，从而指引着一代代中华儿女为着民族的伟大复兴而坚持不懈。而且在全面建设小康社会和深入推进社会主义现代化建设的新时期，文天祥精神仍然是一笔珍贵的精神遗产，对我们仍具有重要的启发意义。
[Abstract]:Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282), the word Lu-shan, no. Wenshan Taoist. Native of Chengdu, Sichuan, born in Luling, Jizhou, Fuchuan (Futian Township Wenjia Village, Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province) .21 years old is high school, promoted by Song Lizong as the first, is the top of the list. All served as judges of the Naval Section of Ning, Jiangxi, Ganzhou and other local officials, as well as the secretary of the provincial school Lang, the ministry of etiquette, the Ministry of torture and other official officials, after the official to the right prime minister and secret ambassador. Wen Tianxiang, as the prime minister of the late Southern Song Dynasty, is not only an outstanding writer, thinker, politician, but also an outstanding national hero in the history of the Chinese nation. And Wen Tianxiang's thought contains a large number of social thoughts, which are manifested in three levels: national view, patriotic thought and ideal of life. Wen Tianxiang's concept of state includes the concept of "unification of the whole world", and his thought of loyalty and loyalty to the country, as well as the responsibility and obligation of ministers and so on. Especially his cognition about the relationship between straight government and fair government is his concrete explanation of the operation of the country, and it is also the characteristic of the times in his view of state. Patriotic thought is an important aspect of Wen Tianxiang's social thought. The important manifestation of his patriotic thought is the king of Del'yp, the opening office of Nanjian and his perseverance in fighting against the attack of Mongolia (Yuan). The people-oriented thought of caring for the people, being comfortable with the people, and caring for the people's sufferings has become an important connotation of Wen Tianxiang's patriotic thought. From this level, this should be one of the important sources or one of the most important sources of his patriotic thought. And also made his patriotic thought far beyond the narrow category of pure resistance to the invasion of Mongolia (Yuan), and moved towards a broader spiritual level of the influence of admissibility. Wen Tianxiang's ideal of life is full of the idealized personality of seeking benevolence and the dedication of killing one's body into benevolence. It is the above-mentioned spirit of fearlessness of Wen Tianxiang, the achievement of its historical status. The spirit of Wen Tianxiang has also become an important part of the traditional spiritual culture of the Chinese nation, thus guiding generations of Chinese sons and daughters to persevere for the great rejuvenation of the nation. Moreover, in the new period of building a well-off society in an all-round way and promoting socialist modernization in depth, the spirit of Wen Tianxiang is still a precious spiritual heritage, which is still of great enlightening significance to us.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C91-09

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