微观生态系统视阈下的农村留守儿童社会支持分析

发布时间：2018-07-27 10:25

【摘要】：农村留守儿童是改革开放以来,我国工业化、现代化建设的衍生品。因为父母监护缺位,补充性社会支持不到位,这些留守儿童面临着安全失保、亲情缺失、心理失衡、教育缺位等多方面的问题。留守儿童的不良事件屡见报端,引起了政府和社会越来越多的关注。微观生态系统是与留守儿童生活、学习密切相关的环境,也是获得社会支持的重要来源。了解留守儿童微观生态系统中社会支持的现状,探索促进现有社会支持利用和培育潜在社会支持的途径,完善留守儿童社会支持网络是留守儿童健康成长的需要,也是促进我国经济和社会稳定的需要。本文以“微观生态系统”为主要理论依据,采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的调查方法获取第一手资料。通过从留守儿童的家庭、社区、学校和朋辈等子系统进行分析,分别对留守儿童社会支持的广度和深度进行了梳理。社会支持的广度分别从来源广度和内容广度两个方面进行了分析。社会支持的深度主要以社会支持的频率,社会支持量化分值为依据进行分析。研究发现,留守儿童的父母支持缺失,替代监护主体力不从心;社会支持的内容和来源的广度有限;社会支持主要来源于非正式社会支持,正式社会支持频率不高;社会支持内容多以客观支持为主,主观支持较薄弱;社会支持深度不够,且支持主体联动不足。社会支持的状况不乐观,原因也是多方面的。内生性因素是核心支持真空,服务资本匮乏,服务方向偏离;外生性因素是社会组织发展,专业服务人才不足,公众参与意识薄弱,社会支持网络残缺,支持主体联动不足。但是,目前国内留守儿童方面的政策和制度也为留守儿童服务创造了良好的宏观环境,在对留守儿童社会支持现状的内生性因素、外生性因素以及优势环境的多维度分析的基础上,本文提出修复和完善留守儿童社会支持的路径和方法。即父母“复位”修复家庭系统,校、社“补位”扩展支持系统,多方联动“增位”优化支持系统。探索并完善一个以家庭为中心,学校为主体,社区、社会组织、朋辈群体以及社会力量多方联动、密切配合的社会支持网,共同帮助留守儿童面对各方面的问题,为留守儿童创造一个健康成长的生态环境。
[Abstract]:Rural left-behind children are derivatives of China's industrialization and modernization since the reform and opening up. Because of the absence of parental supervision and the lack of supplementary social support, these left-behind children are faced with many problems, such as loss of security, lack of family affection, psychological imbalance, lack of education and so on. The adverse events of left-behind children are frequently reported, which has attracted more and more attention from the government and society. Micro ecosystem is an environment closely related to the life and learning of children left behind, and also an important source of social support. Understanding the current situation of social support in the microcosmic ecosystem of left-behind children, exploring ways to promote the utilization and cultivation of potential social support, and perfecting the social support network of left-behind children are the needs of healthy growth of left-behind children. It is also the need to promote China's economic and social stability. Based on the theory of "micro ecosystem", this paper adopts the method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis to obtain first-hand data. Based on the analysis of the family, community, school and peer subsystem of left-behind children, this paper analyzes the breadth and depth of social support for left-behind children. The breadth of social support is analyzed in terms of source breadth and content breadth. The depth of social support is mainly based on the frequency of social support and the quantitative score of social support. The study found that the parental support of left-behind children is not enough, the content and source of social support is limited, the social support is mainly from informal social support, and the frequency of formal social support is not high. The content of social support is mainly objective support, the subjective support is weak, the depth of social support is not enough, and the linkage of supporting main body is insufficient. The social support situation is not optimistic, the reason is also various. The endogenous factors are the core support vacuum, the lack of service capital and the deviation of service direction; the exogenous factors are the development of social organization, the shortage of professional service talents, the weak consciousness of public participation, the incomplete social support network and the insufficient linkage of support subject. However, the current domestic policies and systems for left-behind children have also created a good macro environment for left-behind children to serve, which is an endogenous factor in the current situation of social support for left-behind children. On the basis of multi-dimensional analysis of exogenous factors and dominant environment, this paper puts forward the ways and methods of repairing and perfecting social support for left-behind children. That is, parents "reset" to repair the family system, school, social "complementary" extended support system, multi-party linkage "increase" optimization support system. Explore and improve a family-centered, school as the main body, community, social organizations, peer groups and social forces, closely coordinated social support network, to help left-behind children face all aspects of the problem, Create a healthy ecological environment for left-behind children.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.5

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