应急制度常态化：风险社会下的制度变迁逻辑

发布时间：2018-07-31 21:03

【摘要】：自现代性以至,高风险性社会已经来临。风险的全球性、普遍性、不确定、历时性与共时性的相互交织,极大地增加了风险向危机转化的可能性,危机是风险的实践性后果,公共风险与危机事件的不间断地爆发已成为当今社会的常态特征,塑造了现实复杂的社会情境。而制度作为应对危机重要手段,制度属性与风险属性契合,这也决定了制度在风险规避与危机处理的地位。制度不是一成不变的,其需要依据社会环境的变化作出适时调整,在特定情境下研究制度变迁具有重大意义。渐进式制度变迁是当前常态化的制度变迁的方式,其变迁的前提在于相对稳定的社会环境,而囿于常态制度变迁自身变迁所遭遇制度堕距、制度变迁成本高、制度合力难以有效形成、利益集团的博弈阻扰等多重因素的障碍,在风险情境中其渐进式的变迁节奏难以跟上迅速突变的风险及危机事件,困境凸显,常遭遇猝不及防、手足无措的尴尬境地。危机爆发时,急剧扩散的灾难效应、社会失序的威胁蔓延,制度间失衡、异化、扭曲、冲突的弥散,形成了对新制度的强烈需求,危机干预与管理需要应急制度的强力支持。基于常态制度在困难情境下的失效与风险危机情境的共同呼唤,突变式应急制度通过对常态制度变迁方式的困境的化解与对危机的干预适时出现。而对于构建与健全公共危机管理体系,尤其在以后面对类似危机时,降低危机效应,更需要将历时的应急制度加以常态化,沉淀化为一种机制。应急制度常态化是未来制度变迁方式的一种重要形式与机制,形构了风险社会下的特定制度变迁逻辑。
[Abstract]:From modernity to high risk society has come. The interweaving of global, universal, uncertain, diachronic and synchronic risks greatly increases the possibility of risk being transformed into a crisis, which is a practical consequence of risk. The uninterrupted outbreak of public risks and crisis events has become the normal feature of the present society and has shaped the complicated social situation. System as an important means to deal with the crisis, institutional attributes and risk attributes agree, which also determines the position of institutions in risk avoidance and crisis management. Institution is not fixed, it needs to make timely adjustment according to the change of social environment, so it is of great significance to study institutional change in a specific situation. The gradual institutional change is the normal mode of institutional change at present. The premise of the change lies in the relatively stable social environment, and the cost of institutional change is high because of the system falling distance encountered by the change of normal institution itself. The institutional resultant force is difficult to form effectively, the interest group's game hinders and so on many factors obstacle, in the risk situation its gradual change rhythm is difficult to keep up with the rapid sudden change risk and the crisis event, the difficult position is prominent, often encounters unprepared, An awkward situation. When the crisis broke out, the disaster effect of rapid spread, the threat of social disorder spread, the imbalance between systems, alienation, distortion, the dispersion of conflict, formed a strong demand for the new system, crisis intervention and management needs the strong support of emergency system. Based on the failure of the normal system in the difficult situation and the common call of the risk crisis situation, the sudden emergency system appears timely through the solution of the predicament of the change of the normal system and the intervention of the crisis. To construct and perfect the public crisis management system, especially in the future when facing similar crises, to reduce the crisis effect, it is necessary to normalize and precipitate the diachronic emergency system into a mechanism. The normalization of emergency institutions is an important form and mechanism of institutional changes in the future, which forms the logic of specific institutional changes in a risky society.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912

【参考文献】