社会两难中的责任感和亲社会行为分析：身份和情境的影响
发布时间：2018-08-03 18:42
【摘要】：责任是理解人们在特定情境中如何做出价值判断和行动的核心概念,对于社会的良性发展有重要的意义。所以,责任自古以来便是社会学、伦理学、教育学、政治学等领域关注的一个话题。心理学对于责任的研究还处于起步阶段,而且现有的研究主要针对相对静态的责任,没有系统地同时研究责任情境中静态因素和动态因素。本研究从社会认知理论出发,探讨个体因素和情境因素对人的责任感和亲社会行为的影响。以责任三角模型为理论根据,分析身份认知、他人行为和行为目的对责任感的影响以及责任感和行为的关系。本研究一主要探讨了身份认知(经济状况)和他人行为(他人合作或者他人不合作)对于人们在非经济目的下公共物品两难中责任感和亲社会行为的影响。结果发现,身份认知对于责任感和亲社会行为的影响效果显著,当人们处于经济地位相同状况时比经济地位低时有更强的责任感,在公共物品两难中任务贡献率更高。他人是否合作对人们的责任感没有显著影响,但人们在他人不合作时的任务贡献率比他人合作时的任务贡献率更高。同时,责任感和亲社会行为的相关显著。本研究二主要探讨了身份认知(道德身份中心度)、启动(道德启动)、他人行为(他人合作或者他人不合作)和行为目的(非经济目的和经济目的)对责任感和亲社会行为的影响。结果发现,(1)道德身份中心度高的人在两种行为目的下都比道德身份中心度低的人责任感高；(2)经历他人合作的人在两种行为目的下都比经历他人不合作的人责任感高；(3)启动的效果则是在非经济目的下显著,在经济目的下不显著；(4)道德身份中心度和启动在两种框架下对责任感存在交互作用；道德身份中心度和他人行为则只在经济目的下对责任感存在交互作用；(5)总体说来,人们在非经济目的下的责任感高要高于在经济目的下的责任感；(6)责任感和亲社会行为的相关显著；个体因素和情境因素对责任感和亲社会行为的影响是同步的。本研究的结果显示了责任感和亲社会行为影响因素的复杂性,证明了社会认知理论的重要性。本研究也用多个因素探讨了责任和亲社会行为的关系,指出责任感很可能是个体和情境因素影响亲社会行为的心理机制。最后,本研究在上述研究结果的基础上,分析了本研究的不足之处,探讨了今后相关研究的发展方向。
[Abstract]:Responsibility is the core concept of how people make value judgment and action in a particular situation, which is of great significance to the healthy development of society. Therefore, responsibility has been a topic of concern in sociology, ethics, pedagogy and political science since ancient times. The study of responsibility in psychology is still in its infancy, and the existing research mainly focuses on the relatively static responsibility, and does not systematically study the static and dynamic factors in the situation of responsibility at the same time. Based on the theory of social cognition, this study explores the influence of individual factors and situational factors on human responsibility and prosocial behavior. Based on the theory of responsibility triangle model, this paper analyzes the influence of identity cognition, behavior and purpose of others on responsibility, and the relationship between responsibility and behavior. In the first study, the effects of identity cognition (economic status) and behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) on people's responsibility and pro-social behavior in the dilemma of public goods for non-economic purposes are discussed. The results showed that identity cognition had a significant effect on responsibility and pro-social behavior. When people were in the same economic status, they had a stronger sense of responsibility than when economic status was lower, and the contribution rate of task was higher in the dilemma of public goods. Whether others cooperate or not has no significant influence on people's sense of responsibility, but the contribution rate of task when others are not cooperating is higher than that when others cooperate. At the same time, the relationship between responsibility and pro-social behavior is significant. The second study mainly discusses identity cognition (moral identity centrality), priming (moral initiation), behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) and purpose of behavior (non-economic purpose and economic purpose) towards responsibility and kinship. The influence of social behavior The results showed that (1) people with high moral identity center had higher sense of responsibility than those with lower moral identity center in both behavioral purposes, (2) those who experienced other people's cooperation had higher sense of responsibility than those who experienced others' uncooperative behavior. (3) the effect of startup is significant in non-economic purpose, but not in economic purpose, (4) moral identity centrality and priming have interaction on responsibility under two frameworks. On the other hand, the moral identity centrality and the behavior of others only interact with the sense of responsibility under the economic purpose; (5) generally speaking, the sense of responsibility of people under the non-economic purpose is higher than that under the economic purpose; (6) the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior is significant, and the influence of individual factor and situational factor on responsibility and prosocial behavior is synchronous. The results of this study show the complexity of the influence factors of responsibility and prosocial behavior, and prove the importance of social cognitive theory. This study also discusses the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior with several factors, and points out that responsibility is probably the psychological mechanism by which individual and situational factors influence prosocial behavior. Finally, on the basis of the above research results, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of this study and discusses the development direction of related research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.6
本文编号：2162661
[Abstract]:Responsibility is the core concept of how people make value judgment and action in a particular situation, which is of great significance to the healthy development of society. Therefore, responsibility has been a topic of concern in sociology, ethics, pedagogy and political science since ancient times. The study of responsibility in psychology is still in its infancy, and the existing research mainly focuses on the relatively static responsibility, and does not systematically study the static and dynamic factors in the situation of responsibility at the same time. Based on the theory of social cognition, this study explores the influence of individual factors and situational factors on human responsibility and prosocial behavior. Based on the theory of responsibility triangle model, this paper analyzes the influence of identity cognition, behavior and purpose of others on responsibility, and the relationship between responsibility and behavior. In the first study, the effects of identity cognition (economic status) and behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) on people's responsibility and pro-social behavior in the dilemma of public goods for non-economic purposes are discussed. The results showed that identity cognition had a significant effect on responsibility and pro-social behavior. When people were in the same economic status, they had a stronger sense of responsibility than when economic status was lower, and the contribution rate of task was higher in the dilemma of public goods. Whether others cooperate or not has no significant influence on people's sense of responsibility, but the contribution rate of task when others are not cooperating is higher than that when others cooperate. At the same time, the relationship between responsibility and pro-social behavior is significant. The second study mainly discusses identity cognition (moral identity centrality), priming (moral initiation), behavior of others (cooperation or non-cooperation of others) and purpose of behavior (non-economic purpose and economic purpose) towards responsibility and kinship. The influence of social behavior The results showed that (1) people with high moral identity center had higher sense of responsibility than those with lower moral identity center in both behavioral purposes, (2) those who experienced other people's cooperation had higher sense of responsibility than those who experienced others' uncooperative behavior. (3) the effect of startup is significant in non-economic purpose, but not in economic purpose, (4) moral identity centrality and priming have interaction on responsibility under two frameworks. On the other hand, the moral identity centrality and the behavior of others only interact with the sense of responsibility under the economic purpose; (5) generally speaking, the sense of responsibility of people under the non-economic purpose is higher than that under the economic purpose; (6) the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior is significant, and the influence of individual factor and situational factor on responsibility and prosocial behavior is synchronous. The results of this study show the complexity of the influence factors of responsibility and prosocial behavior, and prove the importance of social cognitive theory. This study also discusses the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior with several factors, and points out that responsibility is probably the psychological mechanism by which individual and situational factors influence prosocial behavior. Finally, on the basis of the above research results, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of this study and discusses the development direction of related research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.6
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