英国村庄共同体衰落原因探究
发布时间：2018-08-06 20:05
【摘要】：村庄共同体是英国乡村社会的重要基层组织,其走向衰落应该是以村庄中公共权利全部丧失为标志的。而这种公共权利的丧失主要包括两层含义:一方面是指,土地上公共权利的丧失,即未开垦的土地等集体财产权以及在开垦地上捡拾庄稼和公共放牧权利的丧失;另一方面是指,村民管理村庄事务的公共权利的丧失,即村民平等参与以及独立管理村庄事务权利的丧失。前者是伴随着公地制度的被破坏开始丧失的;后者则是随着农民的分化以及民族国家的兴起,村庄被纳入到了国家(或者王权)的地方行政组织后丧失的。对于上述问题的探讨,进一步明确了村庄共同体这一乡村基层组织走向衰落的真正推动力,既不是圈地运动的结果,更不是资本家的掠夺所致,而是个体农民力量的普遍增长。
[Abstract]:Village community is an important grass-roots organization in English rural society, and its decline should be marked by the loss of all public rights in the village. The loss of this kind of public right mainly includes two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to the loss of public right on land, that is, the loss of collective property right such as uncultivated land, and the loss of collecting crops and public grazing right on reclaimed land; On the other hand, it refers to the loss of villagers' public right to manage village affairs, that is, the equal participation of villagers and the loss of their right to independently manage village affairs. The former was lost along with the destruction of the common land system, while the latter was lost after the peasants' differentiation and the rise of the nation-state, when the village was incorporated into the local administrative organization of the state (or Wang Quan). The discussion of the above problems further clarifies that the real driving force of the decline of the village community as a rural grass-roots organization is neither the result of the land enclosure movement nor the plunder of capitalists but the general growth of individual peasants' power.
【作者单位】： 天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“社会转型时期英国乡村基层组织研究”(14BSS025) 天津师范大学引进人才基金项目“公共权利与英国村庄共同体研究”(5RW119)
【分类号】：C912.82;D756.1
本文编号：2168846
[Abstract]:Village community is an important grass-roots organization in English rural society, and its decline should be marked by the loss of all public rights in the village. The loss of this kind of public right mainly includes two meanings: on the one hand, it refers to the loss of public right on land, that is, the loss of collective property right such as uncultivated land, and the loss of collecting crops and public grazing right on reclaimed land; On the other hand, it refers to the loss of villagers' public right to manage village affairs, that is, the equal participation of villagers and the loss of their right to independently manage village affairs. The former was lost along with the destruction of the common land system, while the latter was lost after the peasants' differentiation and the rise of the nation-state, when the village was incorporated into the local administrative organization of the state (or Wang Quan). The discussion of the above problems further clarifies that the real driving force of the decline of the village community as a rural grass-roots organization is neither the result of the land enclosure movement nor the plunder of capitalists but the general growth of individual peasants' power.
【作者单位】： 天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“社会转型时期英国乡村基层组织研究”(14BSS025) 天津师范大学引进人才基金项目“公共权利与英国村庄共同体研究”(5RW119)
【分类号】：C912.82;D756.1
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