夫妻休闲模式与婚姻满意度、稳定性的关系研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 18:10

【摘要】：21世纪,中国正步入一个前所未有的休闲时代。休闲已成为大众化的生活方式或生活品质,休闲能够解除体力疲劳,恢复生理平衡；可以获得精神慰藉,成为心灵驿站。从这个意义上说,休闲无疑会提升人们的生活质量,进而提升人们的幸福感。婚姻的幸福与稳定是人生幸福的重要组成部分,是个人和社会幸福的灵魂和源泉,更是人们生活幸福的基石。根据民政部公布的数据显示,从2002年以来,我国离婚率一直呈现持续走高之势,离婚问题已经成为我国一个不容忽视的社会问题。正因如此,有许多学者和专家开始关注于离婚问题和婚姻稳定等方面的研究,也取得了丰富的成果。但大多数是从影响因素、影响效果、测量指标等方面对婚姻满意度、婚姻稳定性进行研究。大多属于离婚问题的事后研究,而不是在事先进行预防与控制。因此,怎样提高丈夫或妻子的婚姻满意度,促进婚姻的稳定,规避离婚问题,就显得尤为重要。既然休闲能够提升人们的生活质量和幸福感,那休闲能不能促进婚姻的幸福,进而提高婚姻的满意度和稳定性呢?通过对国内外的相关文献进行梳理,笔者发现国外的一些文献中涉及到了夫妻休闲与婚姻满意度、婚姻稳定性之间关系研究,但大多属于描述性研究,较为科学和完备的实证研究较少,主要以Thomas B. Holman和Mary Jacquart (1988)、Dunae W. Crawford等(2002)的实证研究为代表,此外,这些为数不多的实证研究所得到的结论大不相同,让人莫衷一是。而国内有关夫妻休闲与婚姻满意度之间关系的研究几乎就是空白,只能从家庭休闲的相关文献中找到只言片语。再加上婚姻的满意度和稳定性受社会文化因素影响极大,因此对婚姻满意度和稳定性的研究必须充分到考虑社会文化因素的影响。这便产生了本文的写作动机。本文旨在吸纳国外已有研究成果的基础上,修订或编制适合我国社会文化的婚姻满意度量表和婚姻稳定性量表,探求夫妻休闲模式与婚姻满意度、稳定性之间的关系,并分析了不同的家庭角色之间,夫妻休闲模式与婚姻满意度、稳定性之间的关系是否存在差异。调查问卷设计是本文的重点与难点, 第一部分是夫妻休闲模式的问卷设计,本文首先罗列出休闲活动类型,继而列举出每类休闲活动中最具代表性的几种休闲活动,然后询问受访者在过去一年内参加这些休闲活动的次数,再询问受访者参加这些休闲活动时与配偶的沟通互动情景。该互动情景可以分为三类：无配偶参与(独享休闲模式)、与配偶一起度过但与配偶的交流互动很少(平行休闲模式)、与配偶一起度过并与配偶进行大量的交流与互动(共享休闲模式)。然后,对每一种休闲模式下各类休闲活动的参与次数进行加总,而后求出三种休闲模式参与次数的相对比例。用这三个相对比例分别代表独享休闲模式、平行休闲模式和共享休闲模式这三个独立的变量。第二部分是婚姻满意度问卷设计,本部分量表主要参考利翠珊等人(2008)的研究,由堪萨斯婚姻满意度量表(Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, KMSS) (Schumm et al.,1986)改编而成,受访者被问及对配偶、对婚姻、及自己与配偶的关系的满意程度,分别从“1(非常不满意)、2(不满意)、3(有一点不满意)、4(一般)、5(勉强满意)、6(满意)、7(非常满意)圈选出最符合真实感受的答案。分数越高,表示其婚姻满意度越高。第三部分是婚姻稳定性问卷设计,本部分量表主要参考了利翠珊等人(2008)的研究,由婚姻不稳定性量表(Marital Instability Scale)(Booth, Johnson, Edwards,1983)改编而成,受访者被问及婚姻是否陷入过困境、是否有离婚的念头、是否与好友或亲人讨论过与配偶离婚、不管是自己还是配偶是否向对方提出过离婚、是否找过律师商谈过离婚事宜等情形。以李克特(Likert)四点量表“1(现在有)、2(过去三年有)、3(曾经有)、4(从未有)”作答,分数越高,表明其婚姻越稳定。第四部分是基本资料设计表,此部分主要通过对有关婚姻满意度和婚姻稳定性的文献进行梳理,找出影响婚姻满意度和婚姻稳定性的主要个人统计变量,然后一一列举。主要包括家庭角色、年龄、学历、职业、个人月收入、婚龄及孩子数、是否有离异的经历等。研究共发放300份问卷,有效问卷278份。然后对本研究问卷回收所得的数据,进行统计描述分析、信度和效度分析、因子分析、相关分析及路径分析等。分析结果如下：(1)不同的夫妻休闲模式与婚姻满意度、婚姻稳定性的关系显著不同。独享式夫妻休闲与婚姻满意度负相关不成立；平行式夫妻休闲与婚姻满意度之间关系不显著；共享式的夫妻休闲模式与婚姻满意度及婚姻稳定性正相关;婚姻满意度与婚姻稳定性正相关。(2)夫妻休闲模式、婚姻满意度和婚姻稳定性之间的关系,在丈夫和妻子不同的家庭角色之间并不存在显著差异。最后,针对本文的研究发现,对每一对夫妻、休闲旅游业及休闲娱乐业、政府、团体协会组织等提出了相关建议。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, China is stepping into an unprecedented leisure era. Leisure has become a popular way of life or quality of life. Leisure can relieve physical fatigue and restore physiological balance. It can obtain spiritual comfort and become a soul post. In this sense, leisure will undoubtedly improve the quality of life of people, and thus enhance people's fortune. The happiness and stability of marriage is an important part of life happiness, the soul and source of individual and social happiness, and the cornerstone of people's happiness in life.
According to the data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, since 2002, the divorce rate in China has been continuously rising, and the divorce problem has become a social problem that can not be ignored in China. Most of them belong to the post-divorce study rather than the prevention and control in advance. Therefore, how to improve the marital satisfaction of the husband or wife, promote the stability of the marriage and avoid the divorce problem is particularly important.
Since leisure can improve people's quality of life and well-being, can leisure promote marital happiness, and then improve Marital Satisfaction and stability? Through combing the relevant literature at home and abroad, the author found that some foreign literature related to the relationship between marital leisure and marital satisfaction, marital stability. However, most of them belong to descriptive research. There are few scientific and complete empirical studies, mainly represented by Thomas B. Holman and Mary Jacquart (1988), Dunae W. Crawford (2002), etc. (2002). In addition, the conclusions of these few empirical studies are quite different, which makes people confused. The research on the relationship between marital satisfaction is almost blank, and only a few words can be found from the related literature of family leisure. Moreover, marital satisfaction and stability are greatly influenced by social and cultural factors, so the research on marital satisfaction and stability must be fully taken into account the influence of social and cultural factors. Motivation for writing.
The purpose of this paper is to revise or compile the Marriage Satisfaction Scale and Marriage Stability Scale which are suitable for Chinese society and culture on the basis of foreign research results, to explore the relationship between marital leisure patterns and marital satisfaction and stability, and to analyze the relationship between different family roles, marital leisure patterns and marital satisfaction and stability. The design of questionnaire is the key and difficult point of this article.
The first part is the questionnaire design of couples'leisure patterns. This paper first lists the types of leisure activities, then lists some of the most representative leisure activities in each type of leisure activities. Then the interviewees are asked how many times they have participated in these leisure activities in the past year, and then the communication between the interviewees and their spouses when they participated in these leisure activities. Interactive scenarios can be divided into three categories: non-spouse participation (exclusive leisure mode), few interaction with spouse (parallel leisure mode), a lot of communication and interaction with spouse (shared leisure mode). Then, for each leisure mode, all kinds of leisure activities are carried out. Participation times were added up, and then the relative proportion of the three leisure patterns was calculated. The three relative ratios represented the independent variables of the exclusive leisure pattern, the parallel leisure pattern and the shared leisure pattern respectively.
The second part is the design of the Marriage Satisfaction Questionnaire. This part mainly refers to the research of Li Trishanne et al. (2008). It was adapted from Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale (KMSS) (Schumm et al., 1986). The respondents were asked about their satisfaction with their spouse, marriage and their relationship with their spouse. "1 (very unsatisfactory), 2 (very unsatisfactory), 3 (a little unsatisfactory), 4 (generally), 5 (barely satisfied), 6 (satisfied), 7 (very satisfied) circle to select the most realistic answer. The higher the score, the higher the marital satisfaction.
The third part is the design of the Marriage Stability Questionnaire. This part mainly refers to the research of Li Trishanne et al. (2008). It was adapted from the Marital Instability Scale (Booth, Johnson, Edwards, 1983). The respondents were asked whether their marriage had been in trouble, whether they had the idea of divorce, whether they were with friends or relatives. Discussed divorce with a spouse, whether he or she had filed for divorce, whether he or she had consulted a lawyer about divorce. The higher the score, the more stable the marriage was.
The fourth part is the basic data design table, this part mainly through combing the literature about marital satisfaction and marital stability, to find out the main personal statistical variables affecting marital satisfaction and marital stability, and then list them one by one. No divorced experience.
A total of 300 questionnaires and 278 valid questionnaires were sent out. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed by statistical description, reliability and validity, factor analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis. The results were as follows: (1) The relationship between different leisure patterns and marital satisfaction and marital stability was significantly different. The relationship between leisure and marital satisfaction is not significant; the relationship between leisure and marital satisfaction is not significant; the relationship between leisure and marital stability is positively correlated with marital satisfaction and marital stability is positively correlated with shared marital leisure pattern; and the relationship between marital satisfaction and marital stability is positively correlated with marital satisfaction. (2) The relationship between marital leisure pattern, marital satisfaction and marital stability is not significant. There is no significant difference in the relationship between husband and wife in different family roles. Finally, according to the findings of this study, the paper puts forward relevant suggestions for each couple, leisure tourism and leisure entertainment industry, government, organization of association and so on.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.1

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