乡村聚落用地功能的演进及其空间分异研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 17:17
【摘要】：伴随着经济社会的不断发展,人口与土地两大乡村发展核心要素发生了显著变化,突出表现为人口的非农化与兼业化和土地的非农化与非粮化,转型成为当代中国时代背景的典型标签与高度浓缩。在此背景下,工作、商贸、交往、旅游、娱乐等相结合的多样化生产生活方式逐步出现,乡村聚落用地逐渐由纯粹的居住单元转变为具备居住、生产、服务等多种功能的复合单元,其功能正经历着由缓慢向激进演变,并呈现出多样化、非农化及分化的显著特征。作为乡村地域人地关系最为强烈的表征,乡村聚落用地既是农户居住与各种社会活动的场所,也是其进行生产活动的重要空间,探究其用地功能演进过程与空间分异特征的一般规律,从而引导其优化提升,既是“宜居、宜业、宜游”美丽乡村建设的国家战略所需,又是深化对乡村聚落用地功能认识的理论需要。据此,本文以乡村聚落用地功能为研究对象,选取重庆市沙坪坝区为典型案例,将视角聚焦到乡村聚落内部,在“现象-过程-格局-优化”的研究脉络框架下,从乡村聚落用地分类及功能识别的现象入手,以“3S+PRA”实地调研法建立的“乡村聚落用地”数据库为数据源,理清乡村聚落用地的功能演变过程,并运用定量化方法与空间表达手段,从居住功能、农业生产功能、非农生产功能、服务功能4方面深入剖析乡村聚落用地功能的空间异质性特征,以探索乡村聚落用地功能演进与空间分异特征的一般规律,并据此厘定乡村聚落用地功能优化的空间格局,提出相应的优化策略,实现乡村聚落用地功能优化。主要研究结论如下:(1)研究将乡村聚落用地划分为居住用地(0721)、生产用地(0722)和附属用地(0723)3个3级类,并结合用地类型划分结果及不同用地承载的社会经济要素差异,将乡村聚落用地功能识别为居住功能、农业生产功能、非农生产功能、服务功能4大类,建立了乡村聚落用地类型与功能类型间的对应关系,既为乡村聚落用地功能演变与空间异质性研究的具体化奠定了基础,也可满足当前乡村聚落用地精细化、差异化管理的现实需求。(2)随着农村经济社会的转型发展,乡村聚落用地功能整体由同质同构向异质多样演进,并呈现出与农村经济、农户生计变迁相适应的特征。其中,居住功能随着农户生计方式的逐步非农化与生计资产的逐渐丰富而不断改善,主要表现为住宅建筑材料与结构的优化、居住空间的扩展、住宅外观的现代化;农业生产与非农生产功能,随着农村产业结构、农户生计方式逐步非农化,呈现出“农业生产功能主导—农业生产功能与非农生产功能并举—非农生产功能主导”的显著非农化演进趋势;服务功能随着村集体经济实力的增强,不断改善提升,主要表现为出行条件、医疗服务、公共文化服务方面的不断完善。(3)乡村聚落用地各功能在空间上的分异特征显著,并呈规律性变化,各项功能指数在空间上的分异特征是资源要素空间择优配置的结果。其中,居住功能指数呈现出“以两大城区为核心,由高到低逐渐向外围扩散的环带状”分布规律;农业生产功能指数在地域空间上整体呈现出“城郊低,远郊高,两山低,山间高”的空间分异特征;非农生产功能指数在空间上整体表现为“城郊高,远郊低,园区高,山区低”的异质异构空间格局;服务功能指数的高值区呈现以城镇为核心的“多中心”分布格局,从中心周边向外围延伸,随着空间距离的增加,服务功能指数呈条带状逐步衰减,“核心—边缘”的空间分布格局明显。(4)基于乡村聚落用地功能演进与空间分异特征的一般规律,厘定乡村聚落用地功能优化的空间格局,为突破乡村聚落用地功能优化建设困境提供了一新思路。在乡村聚落用地的功能演变与空间异质性分析结果基础上,通过识别乡村聚落用地主导功能类型,将沙坪坝区乡村聚落用地功能优化的空间格局厘定为东部现代都市功能区、中部商旅服务功能区、西部远郊农业生产功能区、西部城郊特色产业功能区、西部山地生态保护功能区5大区域,形成了“主导功能突出、多功能协调共生”的区域发展格局。同时,在不同分区的主导功能定位与乡村聚落用地功能演进趋势指导下,提出了不同的乡村聚落用地功能优化策略,实现了乡村聚落用地功能优化。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the two core elements of rural development, population and land, have undergone significant changes, highlighting the non-agricultural and part-time population and Land Non-agricultural and non-food conversion, transformation into a typical label and highly concentrated background of contemporary China. In this context, work, commerce, communication, tourism, entertainment. The diversified production and life style of the combination of pleasure and so on has gradually emerged, and the rural settlement land has gradually changed from the pure residential unit to the compound unit with the functions of housing, production and service. Its function is undergoing a slow to radical evolution, and presents the obvious characteristics of diversification, non-agricultural and differentiation. Rural settlement land is not only the place where peasants live and all kinds of social activities, but also the important space for their production activities. To explore the general law of land use function evolution process and spatial differentiation characteristics, and to guide its optimization and upgrading, it is not only the national war of "livable, livable, pleasant to travel" beautiful rural construction. Therefore, this paper takes the function of rural settlements as the research object, chooses Shapingba District of Chongqing City as a typical case, focuses on the interior of rural settlements, and classifies and optimizes rural settlements from the perspective of "phenomena-process-pattern-optimization" within the framework of research. Beginning with the phenomena of function identification, this paper takes the "rural settlement land" database established by the "3S+PRA" field investigation method as the data source, clarifies the function evolution process of rural settlement land, and uses quantitative method and spatial expression means to analyze rural agglomeration from four aspects: residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The spatial heterogeneity of the function of rural settlements is studied to explore the general law of the function evolution and spatial differentiation of rural settlements, and the spatial pattern of the function optimization of rural settlements is determined accordingly. The corresponding optimization strategies are put forward to realize the function optimization of rural settlements. It is divided into residential land (0721), productive land (0722) and accessory land (0723). According to the results of land use classification and the differences of social and economic factors carried by different land use types, the functions of rural settlements are identified as residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The corresponding relationship between type and function type not only lays a foundation for the study of the function evolution and spatial heterogeneity of rural settlements, but also meets the realistic needs of fine and differentiated management of rural settlements. (2) With the transformation and development of rural economy and society, the function of rural settlements as a whole changes from homogeneous to heterogeneous. The residential function has been improved with the gradual non-farming of farmers'livelihood and the gradual enrichment of their living assets. The main performance is the optimization of building materials and structure, the expansion of living space and the modernization of housing appearance. Non-agricultural production function, along with the rural industrial structure, farmers'livelihood gradually non-agricultural, showing a significant non-agricultural evolution trend of "agricultural production function leading - agricultural production function and non-agricultural production function simultaneously - non-agricultural production function leading"; service function with the village collective economic strength, constantly improving and upgrading, mainly It is manifested by the continuous improvement of travel conditions, medical services and public cultural services. (3) The spatial differentiation of the functions of rural settlements is remarkable and regularly changing. The spatial differentiation of each function index is the result of the spatial optimal allocation of resource elements. Agricultural production function index shows the spatial differentiation characteristics of "suburban low, suburban high, two hills low, mountain high" in the regional space as a whole; non-agricultural production function index in the spatial performance of "suburban high, suburban low, Park high, mountain low" as a whole. Heterogeneous heterogeneous spatial pattern; the high value area of service function index presents a "multi-center" distribution pattern centered on the town, extending from the periphery of the center to the periphery. With the increase of spatial distance, the service function index decreases gradually in a strip, and the spatial distribution pattern of "core-edge" is obvious. (4) Based on the rural settlement land function performance. It provides a new way to break through the predicament of rural settlement land function optimization and construction by defining the spatial pattern of rural settlement land function optimization according to the general law of spatial differentiation characteristics. The spatial pattern of function optimization of rural settlements in the dam area is defined as five major areas, namely, the modern urban function area in the east, the commercial and tourist service function area in the middle, the agricultural production function area in the western suburbs, the characteristic industrial function area in the western suburbs, and the ecological protection function area in the western mountainous areas. At the same time, under the guidance of the orientation of the leading function in different zones and the evolution trend of the rural settlement land function, different optimization strategies of the rural settlement land function are put forward to realize the optimization of the rural settlement land function.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.82
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy and society, the two core elements of rural development, population and land, have undergone significant changes, highlighting the non-agricultural and part-time population and Land Non-agricultural and non-food conversion, transformation into a typical label and highly concentrated background of contemporary China. In this context, work, commerce, communication, tourism, entertainment. The diversified production and life style of the combination of pleasure and so on has gradually emerged, and the rural settlement land has gradually changed from the pure residential unit to the compound unit with the functions of housing, production and service. Its function is undergoing a slow to radical evolution, and presents the obvious characteristics of diversification, non-agricultural and differentiation. Rural settlement land is not only the place where peasants live and all kinds of social activities, but also the important space for their production activities. To explore the general law of land use function evolution process and spatial differentiation characteristics, and to guide its optimization and upgrading, it is not only the national war of "livable, livable, pleasant to travel" beautiful rural construction. Therefore, this paper takes the function of rural settlements as the research object, chooses Shapingba District of Chongqing City as a typical case, focuses on the interior of rural settlements, and classifies and optimizes rural settlements from the perspective of "phenomena-process-pattern-optimization" within the framework of research. Beginning with the phenomena of function identification, this paper takes the "rural settlement land" database established by the "3S+PRA" field investigation method as the data source, clarifies the function evolution process of rural settlement land, and uses quantitative method and spatial expression means to analyze rural agglomeration from four aspects: residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The spatial heterogeneity of the function of rural settlements is studied to explore the general law of the function evolution and spatial differentiation of rural settlements, and the spatial pattern of the function optimization of rural settlements is determined accordingly. The corresponding optimization strategies are put forward to realize the function optimization of rural settlements. It is divided into residential land (0721), productive land (0722) and accessory land (0723). According to the results of land use classification and the differences of social and economic factors carried by different land use types, the functions of rural settlements are identified as residential function, agricultural production function, non-agricultural production function and service function. The corresponding relationship between type and function type not only lays a foundation for the study of the function evolution and spatial heterogeneity of rural settlements, but also meets the realistic needs of fine and differentiated management of rural settlements. (2) With the transformation and development of rural economy and society, the function of rural settlements as a whole changes from homogeneous to heterogeneous. The residential function has been improved with the gradual non-farming of farmers'livelihood and the gradual enrichment of their living assets. The main performance is the optimization of building materials and structure, the expansion of living space and the modernization of housing appearance. Non-agricultural production function, along with the rural industrial structure, farmers'livelihood gradually non-agricultural, showing a significant non-agricultural evolution trend of "agricultural production function leading - agricultural production function and non-agricultural production function simultaneously - non-agricultural production function leading"; service function with the village collective economic strength, constantly improving and upgrading, mainly It is manifested by the continuous improvement of travel conditions, medical services and public cultural services. (3) The spatial differentiation of the functions of rural settlements is remarkable and regularly changing. The spatial differentiation of each function index is the result of the spatial optimal allocation of resource elements. Agricultural production function index shows the spatial differentiation characteristics of "suburban low, suburban high, two hills low, mountain high" in the regional space as a whole; non-agricultural production function index in the spatial performance of "suburban high, suburban low, Park high, mountain low" as a whole. Heterogeneous heterogeneous spatial pattern; the high value area of service function index presents a "multi-center" distribution pattern centered on the town, extending from the periphery of the center to the periphery. With the increase of spatial distance, the service function index decreases gradually in a strip, and the spatial distribution pattern of "core-edge" is obvious. (4) Based on the rural settlement land function performance. It provides a new way to break through the predicament of rural settlement land function optimization and construction by defining the spatial pattern of rural settlement land function optimization according to the general law of spatial differentiation characteristics. The spatial pattern of function optimization of rural settlements in the dam area is defined as five major areas, namely, the modern urban function area in the east, the commercial and tourist service function area in the middle, the agricultural production function area in the western suburbs, the characteristic industrial function area in the western suburbs, and the ecological protection function area in the western mountainous areas. At the same time, under the guidance of the orientation of the leading function in different zones and the evolution trend of the rural settlement land function, different optimization strategies of the rural settlement land function are put forward to realize the optimization of the rural settlement land function.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.82
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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