我国网络公共领域中的网络舆论暴力问题及对策研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 13:12

【摘要】：众所周知,网络自产生以来,起到的是“双刃剑”的作用,人们在感受网络所带来的极大便利的同时,也深深的体会到只要有互联网存在地方,就随时会有让每个个体完全暴露在网络社会视线中的可能,让其深陷网络舆论的漩涡中。在网络社会,网络舆论所关注的热点可以触及到国家的经济、政治、文化等领域,网络舆论的力量如果可以实现合理、理性的运用,形成具有理性批判精神的意见或建议,就会促进国家民主政治合理、良性的发展;如果网络舆论出现引导不利,处置不当,任由其发展,就会存在转化为网络舆论暴力的可能,尤其是在涉及政治领域时,这种具有暴力性的力量,借助网络的渠道,对政治的合理性、合法性造成冲击。网络是一个自由、平等交流的开放性平台,本质上属于公共领域,具备公共性的主要特征。网民参与到网络社会中,尤其是参与政治、国家事务话题的探讨和评判时,首先要具备可以公开成熟运用理性精神的能力,才能深刻认识事件背后的真相,揭示事物的本质,表达出自己内心的真实想法,从而为社会的进步,国家的发展提供有价值的意见。然而,网络舆论暴力,往往蕴含着非理性、极端化的情绪,带有明显攻击性和情绪宣泄式的言论,非但不能有效地促进事件的解决,反而会降低民众对政府的信任,并且存在引发社会新危机的可能,引起社会动荡。其次,网络空间,虽然是一个可以“畅所欲言”、自由交流的一个场所,但是也不会是一个“法外之地”,网络社会中的行为需要法律、法规进行约束,网络社会的正常运行需要法律、法规的保障。网络舆论暴力,肆意传播不经验证的违法信息,对他人进行“人肉搜索”,恶意诋毁政府、国家形象等等,实际上是网民缺乏法律意识的表现,为了满足自己的“一时之快”,满足自己的好奇心,在不经意间触犯了国家法律,遭到法律的制裁。另外,网络空间里网民受教育程度,工作性质,心理素质等存在差异,对网络社会和现实社会中事物的看法存在不同程度的理解,网民之间应该彼此相互理解、包容,平等地进行交流,特别是在对政治话题进行讨论时,网民要理性发言,文明评论,同时政府要允许不同声音的存在,虚心听取来自不同群体的意见和批评。然而,网络舆论暴力显然缺乏这些公共理性精神,取而代之的是谩骂、诽谤、言语攻击以及恶意的诋毁他人及国家形象等。网络舆论暴力的形成受多种因素的影响,从其根源上来看,主要有以下四点:首先,网民结构的失衡与网民公共精神的缺失,主要体现在当前我国“三低”人群占主体的网民结构以及网民在参与舆论表达时理性精神与主体意识的不足;其次,网络舆论环境的具备的匿名性、虚拟性的特性以及网络自媒体环境下网络信息的碎片化;第三,网络空间中的法律法规不完善,网络空间中议题设置和网络信息“把关人”角色的弱化,网络监管不到位,信息公开不充分;第四,社会转型期我国社会结构的失衡,诸多社会矛盾之下的社会戾气在网络空间的蔓延。网络舆论暴力对中国成熟网络公共领域的建设起着负面影响作用,是对网络公共领域公共性的侵害,无论是网络秩序的正常运行,还是确保网络社会的安全,都急需遏制网络舆论暴力在网络空间的蔓延。因此,需要通过加强公民理性精神的培育,提升网民媒介素养;完善相关法律法规,强化网络监管;坚持正确网络舆论导向,积极引导网络舆论;促进社会认同,化解社会怨恨情绪等方面入手,超越单一维度的逻辑,整体性地顾及社会舆论、社会心态和网络舆论的关系,从而遏制网络舆论暴力的蔓延,促使我国网络公共领域健康、良性发展。
[Abstract]:As we all know, since the emergence of the network, it has played a "double-edged sword" role. While people feel the great convenience brought by the network, they also deeply realize that as long as there is a place for the Internet, every individual will be completely exposed to the sight of the network society at any time, so that it is trapped in the vortex of network public opinion. In the network society, the hotspot that the network public opinion pays close attention to can touch the country's economy, politics, culture and other fields. If the power of the network public opinion can be used rationally and rationally, and the opinions or suggestions with rational critical spirit can be formed, it will promote the rational and benign development of the country's democratic politics; if the network public opinion appears to guide unfavorable, it will be punished. If it is not properly handled and allowed to develop, there will be the possibility of transforming it into cyber-public opinion violence, especially when it comes to the political sphere. This violent force, through the channels of the network, will impact the political rationality and legitimacy. The main characteristics of sex.When netizens participate in the network society, especially in the discussion and evaluation of political and state affairs, they must have the ability to use rational spirit openly and maturely before they can deeply understand the truth behind the events, reveal the essence of things, and express their true thoughts, so as to make social progress. However, cyber-media violence often contains irrational, extreme emotions and remarks with obvious aggression and emotional catharsis, which can not only effectively promote the resolution of the incident, but also reduce people's trust in the government, and possibly lead to new social crises and social consequences. Secondly, cyberspace is a place where people can talk freely and communicate freely, but it is not a place outside the law. Behavior in cyberspace needs laws and regulations to restrict it. Normal operation of cyberspace needs the protection of laws and regulations. Law information, the "human flesh search" of others, malicious slander of the government, the image of the country and so on, is in fact a manifestation of the lack of legal awareness of netizens, in order to meet their "instant speed", to satisfy their curiosity, inadvertently violated the national law, was punished by the law. There are differences in nature, psychological quality and so on. There are different understandings of things in the network society and the real society. Netizens should understand each other, tolerate each other and communicate equally. Especially when discussing political topics, netizens should speak rationally and comment civilly. At the same time, the government should allow different voices to exist. However, the network public opinion violence obviously lacks these public rational spirits, replaced by abuse, libel, verbal attacks and malicious defamation of other people and the national image and so on. Points: Firstly, the unbalanced structure of netizens and the absence of netizens'public spirit are mainly reflected in the structure of netizens whose main body is the "three low" group and the deficiency of netizens' rational spirit and subjective consciousness when they participate in the expression of public opinion; secondly, the anonymity, virtuality and self-Media environment of the network public opinion environment. The fragmentation of network information; third, the imperfection of laws and regulations in cyberspace, the weakening of issues and the role of "gatekeeper" of network information in cyberspace, the inadequacy of network supervision and the inadequate disclosure of information; fourth, the imbalance of social structure in China during the period of social transformation, and the social resentment under many social contradictions in Cyberspace Network public opinion violence has a negative impact on the construction of China's mature network public sphere and is an infringement on the public nature of the network public sphere. Whether the normal operation of the network order or to ensure the safety of the network society, it is urgent to curb the spread of network public opinion violence in the cyberspace. The cultivation of sexual spirit, the promotion of Internet media literacy; the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, and the strengthening of network supervision; adhere to the correct guidance of network public opinion, actively guide network public opinion; promote social identity, resolve social resentment and other aspects, beyond a single dimension of logic, the overall consideration of social opinion, social mentality and the relationship between network public opinion, In order to curb the spread of Internet public opinion violence, and promote the healthy development of China's network public sphere.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.63

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