平等与差异：女性主义研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 12:09
【摘要】：女性主义是众多女性主义思潮的统称,而每一个女性主义思潮都有其相对应的社会运动,因此思潮和运动也成为女性主义的两个区分向度,这就是我们通常所说的理论和实践,例如,自由主义女性主义在理论思想上借鉴了自由主义政治思想,与之相对应的社会运动为争取平等的选举权与被选举权。这些思想流派和与之相对应的社会运动即有其独特的一面,又有其自身的局限性,所以女性主义各个流派总是会相互批判,而平等与差异作为流派争论的共性问题,其内在逻辑的转变可以说就是一部女权运动史。平等可以分为实质上的平等和形式上的平等,两性平等的实质就是价值平等,形式上体现为权利平等。两性的差异又可以分为自然性别和社会性别。只有建立在差异基础上的平等才是真正意义上的平等,保持差异性才是保持独立个体的存在,人的自由才能最大限度地发挥。反之,所有等同个体基础上的平等也是等同的,这种类似的平等忽略了个体差异,人在这种状态下没有自由可言,没有自由的保障何谈平等。基于马克思主义辩证法视域下的女性主义,其关注点不仅仅是两性关系失衡对女性的压迫,也是对男性心理、权利等方面的异化。不对等的社会关系会导致社会关系的片面发展,在片面的社会关系中,两性并不能真实表达其内在需求,异化需求下所产生的实践并不是人类本质的真正体现,而女性主义追求的两性解放与平权运动正是两性平等的还原和人类本质的回归。本文共分为五章,第一章绪论,女性主义受到了启蒙运动和法国大革命关于自由平等思潮的启发而诞生,女性主义成熟于国外,不仅有全面的理论基础还有丰富的社会实践。由于平等与差异始终贯穿西方女性主义始终,所以研究其关系有助于推进女性主义发展。第二章,从思潮和运动两方面对女性主义进行了界定,这样有助于更好的理解女性主义。并从时间线上介绍了女性主义的三波历史运动,总结概括出了每一阶段女性主义理论与运动的中关于平等与差异观念的发展及转变。第三章,在前两章介绍了女性主义的来源、历史背景以及主要发展脉络的基础上,列举了具有代表性的三个流派即自由主义女性主义、激进主义女性主义、西方马克思主义女性主义,并进行了介绍,对平等与差异观念的转变进行了评析。第四章,用马克思主义解读女性主义核心内容-平等与差异,论证了性别平等既是价值上的平等也是权利上的平等,在两性差异认同的基础上,承认差异的不可替代性,得出差异即平等。第五章,运用马克思主义辩证法可以得出两性关系失衡下不仅是对女性的压迫,也是对男性与社会的异化和压抑,只有两性关系得到解放,人之于社会才是完整的与全面的,这种运动实践复归了人的类本质而女性主义还原了两性平等,解放了人类。
[Abstract]:Feminism is the general name of many feminist trends of thought, and every feminist trend of thought has its corresponding social movement. Therefore, the ideological trend and movement have become two distinguishing dimensions of feminism, which is what we usually call theory and practice. For example, the liberal feminism draws lessons from the liberalism political thought in the theory thought, the corresponding social movement strives for the equal right to vote and the right to stand for election. These schools of thought and the corresponding social movements have their own unique side, but also have their own limitations, so each school of feminism will always criticize each other, and equality and difference as the school debate of the common problem, The transformation of its internal logic can be said to be a history of feminist movement. Equality can be divided into substantive equality and formal equality. Gender differences can be divided into natural gender and social gender. Only the equality based on the difference is the true equality, the difference is to maintain the existence of the independent individual, and the freedom of man can be brought into play to the maximum extent. On the contrary, equality on the basis of equal individuals is also equivalent, and this kind of equality ignores individual differences. In this state, people do not have freedom to speak of, and there is no guarantee of freedom to talk about equality. Based on the feminist view of Marxist dialectics, its focus is not only on the oppression of women due to the imbalance of gender relations, but also on the alienation of men's psychology and rights. Unequal social relations will lead to the one-sided development of social relations, in one-sided social relations, the gender can not truly express their internal needs, alienation needs under the practice is not the real embodiment of human nature, The feminist pursuit of gender liberation and equal rights movement is the restoration of gender equality and the return of human nature. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. Feminism was inspired by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution on the trend of thought on freedom and equality. Feminism is mature in foreign countries, not only has a comprehensive theoretical basis but also a wealth of social practice. Since equality and difference always run through western feminism, the study of its relationship is helpful to promote the development of feminism. The second chapter defines feminism from two aspects: ideological trend and movement, which is helpful to better understand feminism. It also introduces the three historical movements of feminism from the time line and summarizes the development and transformation of the concept of equality and difference in each stage of feminist theory and movement. The third chapter, on the basis of introducing the origin, historical background and main developing thread of feminism in the first two chapters, enumerates three representative schools, namely liberalism feminism, radicalism feminism. The western Marxist feminism is introduced, and the change of equality and difference is analyzed. In the fourth chapter, we use Marxism to interpret the core content of feminism-equality and difference, and prove that gender equality is not only equality in value but also equality in rights, on the basis of gender difference identity, the recognition of difference is irreplaceable. The difference is equality. In the fifth chapter, by applying Marxist dialectics, we can draw a conclusion that under the imbalance of gender relations, it is not only the oppression of women, but also the alienation and repression of men and society. Only when the relationship between men and women is liberated, can people be integrated and comprehensive in society. The practice of this movement reverts to the human nature and feminism restores gender equality and liberates human beings.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68
本文编号：2228224
[Abstract]:Feminism is the general name of many feminist trends of thought, and every feminist trend of thought has its corresponding social movement. Therefore, the ideological trend and movement have become two distinguishing dimensions of feminism, which is what we usually call theory and practice. For example, the liberal feminism draws lessons from the liberalism political thought in the theory thought, the corresponding social movement strives for the equal right to vote and the right to stand for election. These schools of thought and the corresponding social movements have their own unique side, but also have their own limitations, so each school of feminism will always criticize each other, and equality and difference as the school debate of the common problem, The transformation of its internal logic can be said to be a history of feminist movement. Equality can be divided into substantive equality and formal equality. Gender differences can be divided into natural gender and social gender. Only the equality based on the difference is the true equality, the difference is to maintain the existence of the independent individual, and the freedom of man can be brought into play to the maximum extent. On the contrary, equality on the basis of equal individuals is also equivalent, and this kind of equality ignores individual differences. In this state, people do not have freedom to speak of, and there is no guarantee of freedom to talk about equality. Based on the feminist view of Marxist dialectics, its focus is not only on the oppression of women due to the imbalance of gender relations, but also on the alienation of men's psychology and rights. Unequal social relations will lead to the one-sided development of social relations, in one-sided social relations, the gender can not truly express their internal needs, alienation needs under the practice is not the real embodiment of human nature, The feminist pursuit of gender liberation and equal rights movement is the restoration of gender equality and the return of human nature. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. Feminism was inspired by the Enlightenment and the French Revolution on the trend of thought on freedom and equality. Feminism is mature in foreign countries, not only has a comprehensive theoretical basis but also a wealth of social practice. Since equality and difference always run through western feminism, the study of its relationship is helpful to promote the development of feminism. The second chapter defines feminism from two aspects: ideological trend and movement, which is helpful to better understand feminism. It also introduces the three historical movements of feminism from the time line and summarizes the development and transformation of the concept of equality and difference in each stage of feminist theory and movement. The third chapter, on the basis of introducing the origin, historical background and main developing thread of feminism in the first two chapters, enumerates three representative schools, namely liberalism feminism, radicalism feminism. The western Marxist feminism is introduced, and the change of equality and difference is analyzed. In the fourth chapter, we use Marxism to interpret the core content of feminism-equality and difference, and prove that gender equality is not only equality in value but also equality in rights, on the basis of gender difference identity, the recognition of difference is irreplaceable. The difference is equality. In the fifth chapter, by applying Marxist dialectics, we can draw a conclusion that under the imbalance of gender relations, it is not only the oppression of women, but also the alienation and repression of men and society. Only when the relationship between men and women is liberated, can people be integrated and comprehensive in society. The practice of this movement reverts to the human nature and feminism restores gender equality and liberates human beings.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68
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