青年失地农民就业困难的社会工作介入研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 08:46

【摘要】：就业乃民生之本。伴随着经济的发展,我国城市化建设突飞猛进,社会上失去赖以生存的土地的农民越来越多。这一群体普遍存在文化程度不高、就业技能偏低的特点,由此便产生了一大批失地又失业的群体。而作为这部分群体的主力军20-35周岁的青年失地农民,其就业形势更为严峻,已成为社会新的关注焦点。一方面,他们丧失土地这一基本生活资料以后,不仅生活成本增加、生活作息改变,而且以家庭为单位的风险抵御能力也随之降低;另一方面,当今社会市场竞争压力激烈,再加上自身以及各种因素的影响,他们便无法或很难找到合适的就业岗位,这样一来,就迫使他们陷入无业可就的窘态。怎样解决好这部分群体的就业、再就业问题,不仅关系到地区稳定,而且还关系到地方经济、民生发展,它已经成为各级政府亟待解决的重点问题之一。本文以社会工作核心价值观和专业理念为指导,笔者于2014年11月初对西安市长安区X村青年失地农民进行调查。X村位于西安市长安区神禾大道以北,近年来由于市内高校搬迁、城市规划以及绕城高速等建设项目大面积征地,直接造成大部分农村失地青年在X村涌现。这批青年失地后,首先要面临的就是如何依靠收入解决自身的生存问题,即就业问题。虽然他们的生活穿梭于农村和城市之间,但他们已经不再等同于以往的农民,更不是当今社会享有城市福利待遇的市民,他们拥有的只是介于二者之间的尴尬身份。针对此状况,对青年失地农民城市就业困难的社会工作介入研究,发现其中存在的问题并提出相应的对策建议,希望能够对解决该群体就业困难问题有一定的借鉴意义。本篇论文的调查研究主要采用了三种方法,分别是:问卷调查、深度访谈和文献分析。在X村调查搜集数据和收集案主资料期间主要采用问卷法和深度访谈法,而文献分析法主要运用于分析和参考先前学者的研究成果。文章在对所搜集到的资料整理分析的基础上,首先,统计出样本群体实现就业的途径和所从事职业的种类及人数;其次,总结了我国失地青年城市就业困难所面临的相关问题,具体包括:就业不充分、稳定性不高、职业层次偏低和就业心理困惑四大类;然后,分别从社会客观原因和青年失地农民自身主观问题进行剖析,通过对具有代表性的个案深度访谈,分析社会工作介入青年失地农民城市就业困难问题,在此基础上得出解决此问题时目前所存在的现实困境和经验总结;最后,立足社会工作角度,从社会政策、专业发展、社会工作者资源整合运用三个层面提出解决样本群体城市就业困难的可操作化对策,为有效解决农村失地青年群体城市就业艰辛的问题提供具有参考性的建议。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. With the development of economy, the construction of urbanization in China is advancing by leaps and bounds. This group has the characteristics of low education level and low employment skill, which leads to a large number of lost land and unemployed groups. As the main force of this group, the young landless peasants aged 20 to 35 years old, their employment situation is more severe, has become the new focus of social attention. On the one hand, when they lose their basic means of livelihood, land not only increases the cost of living and changes their daily life, but also reduces their ability to withstand risks based on family units. On the other hand, there is intense market competition in today's society. Combined with their own and various factors, they are unable or difficult to find suitable jobs, thus forcing them into an unemployed dilemma. How to solve the problem of employment and re-employment of this group is not only related to regional stability, but also to the development of local economy and people's livelihood. It has become one of the key issues to be solved urgently by governments at all levels. Under the guidance of the core values of social work and professional ideas, the author investigated the young landless peasants of Village X in Changan District of Xi'an in early November 2014. The village is located north of Shenhe Avenue in Changan District of Xi'an City. In recent years, due to the relocation of colleges and universities in the city. Urban planning and high-speed construction projects such as large areas of land acquisition, directly resulting in the emergence of most of the rural land lost youth in Village X. After the youth lost their land, the first thing to face is how to rely on income to solve their own survival problem, that is, employment. Although their lives travel between the countryside and the city, they are no longer equal to the farmers in the past, nor are they the citizens who enjoy the urban welfare treatment in the present society. What they have is an embarrassing identity between the two. In view of this situation, this paper studies the social work intervention of the urban employment difficulties of the young landless peasants, finds out the existing problems and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, hoping that it can be used for reference to solve the employment difficulties of this group. This paper mainly adopts three methods: questionnaire, in-depth interview and literature analysis. During the period of collecting data and collecting the information of the principal of the case, the questionnaire and in-depth interview were mainly used, while the literature analysis method was mainly used to analyze and refer to the research results of previous scholars. Based on the analysis of the collected data, firstly, the paper counts out the ways for the sample groups to achieve employment, the types and the number of occupations engaged in, and secondly, summarizes the related problems faced by the urban employment difficulties faced by the young people who have lost their land. It includes four categories: underemployment, low stability, low level of occupation and psychological confusion of employment; then, it analyzes the social objective reasons and the subjective problems of the young landless peasants, respectively. Through in-depth interviews with representative cases, this paper analyzes the social work involved in the urban employment difficulties of young landless farmers, and on the basis of this, draws a conclusion of the practical difficulties and experience in solving this problem; finally, From the perspective of social work, from the social policy, professional development, social worker resources integration and use of three levels to solve the sample groups of urban employment difficulties operational countermeasures, To effectively solve the problem of urban employment difficulties of rural land-lost youth groups to provide reference advice.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C916;F249.2

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