历史唯物主义视域下女性主义研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 12:21

【摘要】：马克思恩格斯在研究人类历史的过程中,运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本方法,对女性问题及其基本规律进行了研究,揭示出女性受压迫的实质和根源,并为女性的解放指明了道路,为各国的女性解放事业提供了坚实的理论基础和思考问题、解决问题的方法。不过,面对不断变化的现实,马恩女性解放思想也遇到了一些新的问题和挑战,理论终究要为现实服务,因此,马恩女性解放思想需要用新的视角来发展自己,以更好地指导女性解放实践,为人类的真正解放做出贡献。新中国成立以后尤其改革开放之后,经济的快速发展推动了女性的解放,女性解放事业也取得了较大的成就,但是比起西方发达国家我们仍有差距,所以我们有必要学习他们理论中有价值的思想,尽可能避免他们在发展过程中出现过的问题。产生于西方第二次女性主义浪潮中的西方马克思主义女性主义,试图解决现实生活中男女不平等的问题,她们在理性地批判与吸收马恩女性解放思想和西方过往女性思想的基础上,形成自己的理论体系。该理论不仅分析了女性受压迫的原因,提出了具体的解放途径,还提出新的研究视角——社会性别,社会性别是其解决女性问题的重要理论武器,“社会性别”理论将人的自然性别和社会性别加以区别,强调性别的社会建构性,从而为重塑男女两性健康和谐的关系提供了理论视角和依据。西方马克思主义女性主义在继承和分析以往女性主义思想的基础上,也承继了马恩分析女性解放时的历史唯物主义的分析方法和视角,这对于以马克思主义为指导的中国女性解放理论和实践还是有一定的借鉴意义的。因此,本文尝试以历史唯物主义为视阈,对马恩女性解放思想与西方马克思主义女性主义进行梳理和比较性研究。本文除了绪论和结论部分外共分为三个部分:第一部分:概述马克思恩格斯女性解放思想的主要内容,论述女性受压迫是历史的产物,女性问题产生的原因,女性解放与全人类解放是同一进程,女性解放的三个先决条件,最后指出了女性解放的途径。第二部分:阐释西方马克思主义女性主义的缘起,并梳理了其主要内容,从家务劳动的无偿性,父权制和资本主义,异化劳动与女性的异化,社会性别理论等这几个角度入手,并尝试着对二者进行比较。。第三部分:阐释了历史唯物主义视域下研究女性主义的理论价值和实践意义,有利于马恩女性解放理论的发展,有利于构建先进的性别文化,有利于女性主体性意识的觉醒,同时还提出一些具有现实意义的解决途径。
[Abstract]:In the course of studying human history, Marx and Engels used the basic methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to study the female problem and its basic law, and revealed the essence and root of female oppression. It also points out the way for the emancipation of women, and provides a solid theoretical basis and thinking method for the cause of women's liberation in various countries. However, in the face of the ever-changing reality, Man's female emancipation of the mind also encountered some new problems and challenges, the theory will eventually serve the reality, therefore, Man's female emancipation needs a new perspective to develop themselves. In order to better guide the practice of women liberation, for the real liberation of mankind to make contributions. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the rapid economic development has promoted the liberation of women, and the cause of women's liberation has also made great achievements. However, compared with the developed countries in the West, we still have a gap. So we need to learn valuable ideas from their theories and try to avoid the problems they have experienced in the course of development. Western Marxist feminism, born in the second wave of feminism in the West, tries to solve the problem of inequality between men and women in real life. They formed their own theoretical system on the basis of rationally criticizing and absorbing the thought of female emancipation of Man and the thought of women in the past in the West. The theory not only analyzes the causes of women's oppression, but also puts forward specific ways to emancipate women. It also puts forward a new research perspective-gender, which is an important theoretical weapon to solve women's problems. The theory of "gender" distinguishes the natural sex from the social sex, and emphasizes the social construction of the gender, which provides a theoretical perspective and basis for remolding the healthy and harmonious relationship between the male and the female. On the basis of inheriting and analyzing the thought of feminism in the past, the western Marxist feminism inherits the analytical method and angle of view of the historical materialism of Man's analysis of women's liberation. This still has certain reference significance to the theory and practice of Chinese female liberation guided by Marxism. Therefore, this paper attempts to sort out and compare the thought of female emancipation of Man and Western Marxist feminism from the perspective of historical materialism. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part: summarize the main contents of Marx and Engels' female emancipation, and discuss that female oppression is the product of history and the reason of female problem. The emancipation of women is the same process as the liberation of all mankind, and the three prerequisites of the emancipation of women are pointed out at last, the ways of emancipation of women are pointed out. The second part: explains the origin of western Marxism feminism, and combs its main content, starting with the unpaid nature of domestic work, patriarchy and capitalism, alienated labor and female alienation, gender theory and so on. And try to compare the two. The third part explains the theoretical value and practical significance of studying feminism from the perspective of historical materialism, which is conducive to the development of Marne's female liberation theory, the construction of advanced gender culture, and the awakening of female subjectivity consciousness. At the same time, some practical solutions are also put forward.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68

【相似文献】