清代至民国时期北京湖南会馆研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 15:41

【摘要】：本文通过对明清以来北京湖南会馆的历史考察,探讨其发展的时代特征、类型变化、管理体制以及社会功能等,揭示会馆文化与政治意识、社会经济之间的相互关系。明代后期,伴随着政治、经济和文化的发展,湖南各地在北京城内先后创建了6所会馆。延及清代,北京湖南会馆数量比明朝增加了26所,形成了一个由县馆、府馆、区域型会馆及省馆构成的完整体系。进入民国后,由于政治环境的变动,北京湖南会馆有增有减,但总体上呈现出下降趋势。明代以来北京湖南会馆的发展,不仅表现为数量的增加,还体现在其发展过程之中类型的多样化,主要有作为湖南籍在京官员聚会和湖南籍官员赴京寄居之地,科举试馆和同乡会组织等3种类型。这3种类型因时而变,相互交替,呈现出鲜明的时代特征。清代以后北京湖南会馆的发展,不仅与科举制度的兴替有着直接的关联,还受到官方的管理政策的影响和制约。清代时期,北京湖南会馆实行馆长值年制,一般由同籍京官担任馆长,统筹会馆的具体事务,会馆的日常杂务则由会馆出资聘请的长班负责,馆长值年的管理体制保证了北京湖南会馆的组织运作。民国时期,北京湖南会馆的管理模式有董事会、同乡会、理事会三种管理模式,同乡大会是会馆的最高权利机构。从馆长值年制到理事会管理模式的转变,反映了清末民初以后北京湖南会馆管理体制的社团化。清代至民国时期,北京湖南会馆的社会功能经历了一个不断扩大的过程,由传统的祀神、合乐,义举、公约,发展到参加在京和家乡的各项政治事务。尤其是清末以降,随着国内的政治、经济和文化的变动,北京的湖南会馆不仅从科举时代的试馆演变为新式学校的创办者,还参与到“辛亥革命”、“驱张运动”和“维护水口山矿权”等政治、经济运动中。从科举试馆向近代社团的演变,折射出清末民国时期北京湖南会馆社会功能的政治化。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical investigation of Hunan Guild Hall in Beijing since the Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper probes into its development characteristics, types, management system and social functions, and reveals the relationship among culture, political consciousness and social economy of the Guild Hall. In the late Ming Dynasty, with the development of politics, economy and culture, six halls were established in Beijing. As far as the Qing Dynasty, the number of Hunan clubs in Beijing increased by 26 compared with the Ming Dynasty, forming a complete system composed of county, government, regional and provincial halls. After entering the Republic of China, due to the change of the political environment, the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall has increased and decreased, but on the whole it has shown a downward trend. Since the Ming Dynasty, the development of the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall has not only shown the increase in the number, but also reflected in the diversification of the types in its development process, mainly as a gathering of Hunan officials in Beijing and as a sojourn place for Hunan officials to live in Beijing. The imperial examination hall and the local association organization and so on 3 kinds of types. These three types change from time to time, alternating with each other, showing distinct characteristics of the times. After the Qing Dynasty, the development of Beijing Hunan Guild Hall was not only directly related to the rise and replacement of imperial examination system, but also influenced and restricted by the official management policy. During the Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Hunan Guild was under the annual system of curator, and the officials of the same nationality served as the curator, coordinating the specific affairs of the Guildhall, and the daily chores of the Guild were taken care of by the long classes paid for by the Guild. The management system of the curator ensures the organization and operation of the Beijing Hunan Guild. During the period of the Republic of China, the management mode of Hunan Guild in Beijing included the board of directors, the local association and the council. The transformation from the curator's annual system to the management mode of the Board of Governors reflects the corporatization of the management system of the Beijing Hunan Guild Hall after the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the social function of the Beijing Hunan Guild underwent a process of continuous expansion, from the traditional worship of gods, joy, righteousness, convention, to participate in the political affairs in Beijing and hometown. Especially in the late Qing Dynasty, with the political, economic and cultural changes in the country, the Hunan Guild Museum in Beijing not only evolved from a test hall in the imperial examination era to the founder of a new school, but also participated in the "1911 Revolution." In the political and economic movements, such as "driving Zhang Movement" and "protecting the mining rights of Shuikoushan". The evolution from the imperial examination hall to the modern society reflects the politicization of the social function of the Beijing Hunan Guild during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29;C912.2

【参考文献】