基于大数据的宁波市居民职住通勤时空分析

发布时间：2018-10-15 13:27

【摘要】：城市居民职住空间分布特征及其对通勤行为的影响是城市地理学和城市规划学研究的重要课题之一。中国正处于快速城市化的社会空间转型时期,城市居民的职住分离问题愈演愈烈,从而引发居民通勤距离加长和通勤时间增加并折射出城市交通拥堵、住房紧张等问题。在以往的研究中,国内外学者主要通过活动日志等传统方法获取问卷调查数据,且国内学者多关注北京、上海、广州等特大城市,也有少数学者研究成都、兰州等西部省会城市,缺乏对东部副省级城市的居民职住通勤问题的研究。本文基于2015年9月13日至2015年9月19日连续一周的居民公交IC卡刷卡数据,运用GIS10.2、spss19.0和Excel2007软件识别居民的居住地和就业地,研究其居住就业空间组织特征。分别以行政区和街道尺度和圈层和扇面不同层面从通勤距离、通勤流向和通勤流量角度研究宁波市居民通勤特征,接着探讨宁波市各街道职住空间分离程度,最后总结出宁波市职住通勤总体特征。研究得出:(1)宁波市居住空间呈现分散组织特征,就业空间呈现以三江口为核心集聚的组织特征;(2)宁波市居民平均通勤距离为5.78km,符合距离衰减规律;(3)行政区尺度上居民通勤流向呈现出自北部流向西部和自东部流向西部的格局,街道尺度上,居民通勤流向基本呈现出自四周流向中心的格局;(4)从圈层上看,宁波市居民基本呈现出自外部圈层流向内部圈层格局;(5)从扇面上看,宁波市居民通勤流向呈现出自东东北扇面流向西西北扇和东南扇面,西西北扇面流向西南扇面和东南扇面,北北东扇面流向西南扇面;(6)宁波市重度职住分离街道主要分布在三江口CBD附近,中度职住分离A型位于三江口CBD西部地带,中度职住分离B型位于三江口CBD东部地带,轻度职住分离街道位于三江口CBD较远的远郊区。
[Abstract]:The spatial distribution of urban residents and their influence on commuting behavior is one of the most important subjects in urban geography and urban planning. China is in the period of rapid urbanization of social space, and the problem of separation of occupation and residence of urban residents becomes more and more serious, which leads to the increase of commuting distance and commuting time and reflects the problems of urban traffic jam and housing shortage. In previous studies, domestic and foreign scholars have mainly obtained questionnaire data through traditional methods such as activity logs, and domestic scholars have paid more attention to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other mega-cities. A few scholars have also studied Chengdu. Lanzhou and other western provincial capitals lack of research on the residents' working and living commuting in the eastern sub-provincial cities. Based on the IC card swipe data of residents' public transport from September 13, 2015 to September 19, 2015, this paper uses GIS10.2,spss19.0 and Excel2007 software to identify residents' residence and employment, and to study the spatial organization characteristics of their residence and employment. From the angle of commuting distance, commuting direction and commuting flow, the paper studies the commuting characteristics of residents in Ningbo from the aspects of district and street scale, circle and sector, and then discusses the degree of separation of occupation and residence space in every street in Ningbo. At last, the general characteristics of commuting in Ningbo are summarized. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the residential space of Ningbo has the characteristics of dispersed organization. (2) the average commuting distance of residents in Ningbo is 5.78 km, which accords with the law of distance attenuation; (3) on the scale of administrative region, the pattern of residents commuting flow from the north to the west and from the east to the west, On the street scale, the flow direction of residents commuting basically presents the pattern of flow from the surrounding to the center; (4) from the circle level, the residents of Ningbo basically present the pattern from the outer circle to the inner circle; (5) from the sector, The commuting flow direction of residents in Ningbo is from the east to the northeast sector to the west northwest fan and the southeast sector, and the west northwest sector to the southwest sector and the southeast sector. (6) the seperate streets of Ningbo are mainly located near CBD in Sanjiangkou, type A is located in the western area of CBD in Sanjiangkou, and type B is located in the eastern part of CBD in Sanjiangkou. The mildly separated street is located in the far suburbs of CBD, Sanjiangkou.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.3

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