西方城市女性时空行为研究的新趋势及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2018-10-24 14:13

【摘要】：为满足当前城市社会发展与城市建设需要,西方女性时空行为研究近年来取得了长足进展,研究主题覆盖行为特征、社会公平、可持续性等方面。中国城市女性在转型期同样面临着重大的挑战,城市空间的性别不平等正在深刻地影响女性的日常行为与生活质量。本文系统梳理了近50年来西方女性时空行为研究成果,介绍了女性通勤行为、非工作活动等传统议题和家庭关系、联合行为、可达性等新问题的研究进展,并总结了女性时空行为研究的理论解释。西方女性时空行为研究早期关注经济转型背景下的女性出行行为,对就业可达性、通勤和非工作活动的性别差异进行了大量研究。近年来,西方研究呈现出多元化趋势,研究重点转向家庭关系、家庭联合行为与时空可达性等新主题,指出女性在日常生活中面临社会排斥与空间不平等。为理解女性时空行为模式的形成机制,学者从经济学、社会学、地理学等角度进行探讨,提出了地租与工资理论、劳动力市场隔离理论、家庭责任假说、女性的自我认知与社会文化、家庭资源分配说、时空固定性制约等解释理论。这些研究为中国城市女性时空行为研究提供了借鉴。针对中国女性面临的城市社会转型的独特背景,其时空行为受制度、家庭和自身的多重制约,提出了中国城市女性时空行为研究的框架和未来研究方向。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of urban social development and urban construction, the research on space-time behavior of western women has made great progress in recent years. Urban women in China also face great challenges in the transition period. Gender inequality in urban space is profoundly affecting women's daily behavior and quality of life. This paper systematically reviews the research achievements of space-time behavior of western women in the past 50 years, and introduces the research progress of traditional issues such as women's commuting behavior, non-work activities, family relations, joint behavior, accessibility and other new issues. It also summarizes the theoretical explanation of the study of women's temporal and spatial behavior. In the early stage of the study of women's spatial and temporal behavior in western countries, women's travel behavior under the background of economic transition was concerned, and a large number of studies were carried out on the gender differences in employment accessibility, commuting and non-working activities. In recent years, the western studies have shown a trend of diversification. The focus of the study is on family relations, family union behavior and space-time accessibility, and points out that women face social exclusion and spatial inequality in their daily life. In order to understand the forming mechanism of women's spatio-temporal behavior model, scholars have discussed it from the angles of economics, sociology and geography, and put forward the theory of land rent and wage, the theory of labor market segregation, the hypothesis of family responsibility, etc. Women's self-cognition and social culture, family resource allocation theory, time-space fixed constraints and other explanatory theories. These studies provide a reference for the study of spatial and temporal behavior of urban women in China. In view of the unique background of urban social transformation faced by Chinese women, the spatiotemporal behavior of Chinese urban women is restricted by institutions, families and themselves, and the framework and future research direction of spatio-temporal behavior of urban women in China are put forward.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室;华东师范大学地理科学学院;清华大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(40601159,41571153)~~
【分类号】：C913.68

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