北京城市居民职住分离影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 16:06

【摘要】：在快速工业化和城市化的背景下,中国的城市在经历着空间结构重构和演化的过程,在城市社会经济快速发展的同时,一些大城市陆续出现了交通拥堵、空气质量下降等一系列城市问题,引起了学术界和有关政府部门的共同关注。在北京的城市化过程中,上下班高峰的交通拥堵和通勤时间的增长等问题在近年来表现突出。本研究以北京市的通勤为研究对象,以统计方法和空间分析方法为手段,对北京市居民职住分离的影响因素进行研究,以期在理论层面探索职住分离内在的动力机制,在实践层面对改善北京市的职住分离有所参考。 (1)通过对职住关系相关研究成果的梳理和分析,提出本研究的理论框架和技术路线：以城市地理学、行为地理学和空间分析为理论基础,以通勤现象为切入点,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合,重点关注职住分离的影响因素。在技术方法上,通过对已有研究和较为成熟的方法的分析,选取单因素方差分析、logistic回归分析和空间回归分析为手段进行研究。 (2)实证研究表明,2010年北京市居民的平均通勤时间约为43分钟,并且较2005年表现出明显的增长趋势。因此,北京居民职住分离现象较为普遍,居住和就业存在一定的空间错位。 (3)通过单因素方差分析,表明年龄、性别等因素对职住分离具有一定程度的影响；进一步的logistic回归分析显示居住区位、就业区位、学历和单位规模对职住分离的影响明显；考虑空间自相关后的分析结果表明空间异质性对样本整体的影响较大,居住区位特点、学历和单位规模的影响较大。 (4)在对居民通勤时间空间特性进行研究,发现其在空间上表现出较明显的空间自相关性,体现了地理学第一定律的作用；但通过对不同区域职住分离影响因素研究,发现空间异质性对大城市中此类问题影响较大,在职住分离研究中不仅需要考虑空间相关性,空间异质性也是必须关注的重要因素。本研究最后提出了本研究的成功与不足,以及进一步分析需要深入的问题。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid industrialization and urbanization, Chinese cities are undergoing the process of spatial structure reconstruction and evolution. With the rapid development of urban society and economy, some big cities have appeared traffic jam one after another. A series of urban problems, such as air quality decline, have aroused the common concern of academia and relevant government departments. In the process of urbanization in Beijing, the problems of rush hour traffic congestion and commuting time increase are prominent in recent years. This research takes commuting in Beijing as the research object, taking the statistical method and the spatial analysis method as the means, carries on the research to the influence factor of the resident occupation and residence separation in Beijing, in order to explore the internal dynamic mechanism of the occupation and housing separation in the theory level. In the practical level to improve the separation of occupation and housing in Beijing has a reference. The main contents are as follows: (1) the theoretical framework and technical route of this study are put forward by combing and analyzing the results of the research on the relationship between occupation and occupation: taking urban geography, behavioral geography and spatial analysis as the theoretical basis, taking commuting phenomenon as the breakthrough point, Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are used to focus on the factors affecting the separation of occupation and occupation. In terms of technical methods, the single factor variance analysis, logistic regression analysis and spatial regression analysis are selected to study the existing research and more mature methods. (2) the empirical research shows that the average commuting time of Beijing residents in 2010 is about 43 minutes, and the average commuting time is obviously increasing compared with 2005. Therefore, the separation of occupation and residence is common in Beijing, and there is a certain space dislocation between residence and employment. (3) univariate analysis of variance showed that age, sex and other factors had a certain degree of influence on the separation of occupation and residence, and further logistic regression analysis showed that the location, employment location, educational background and unit size of residential area had obvious influence on the separation of occupation and residence. After considering spatial autocorrelation, the results show that spatial heterogeneity has a great influence on the whole sample, the location characteristics of residential area, educational background and unit scale. (4) in the study of the time and space characteristics of residents commuting, it is found that the spatial autocorrelation is obvious, which reflects the function of the first law of geography; However, through the study of the influencing factors of occupation and residence separation in different regions, it is found that spatial heterogeneity has a great impact on such problems in large cities, and spatial heterogeneity is an important factor that must be paid attention to. Finally, the paper points out the success and deficiency of this study and the problems that need to be further analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C913.2

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