社会个体化视角下的上海年轻技术移民社会融入问题研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 14:43
【摘要】：本文主要运用“社会个体化”的理论视角来探讨中国城市新移民扎根城市的状况。社会个体化理论认为随着现代化进程的展开和深化推进,社会中的个体日益从传统的社会约束中脱离出来,即发生“脱嵌”,并反过来使社会结构发生转变。本文尝试从社会个体化的理论视角透视上海城市新移民社会融入问题,并在与社会个体化理论的对话过程中,重点关注以下三个方面的问题:首先,社会个体化理论认为中国社会个体的崛起,使年轻城市移民在生命轨迹的选择上有了更多的自我考虑空间,而这看似自由的选择背后又有着市场和政府合力建构的结构引导和制约存在,据此,本文想进一步探讨个体崛起所获得的自由空间对于年轻技术移民融入城市社会是否起到正向的促进作用?其次,高社会流动性是社会个体化现象发生的重要背景,而个体化理论认为参与了流动的年轻个体会反过来重塑他们与社会群体和制度的关系,促进社会制度的改变。那么,这种关系的重塑会在多大程度上影响年轻城市移民的社会融入呢?最后,由于我国和西欧社会的历史文化差别,中国社会中崛起的个体往往都成为了“无公德的自我”,这又是否会在哪些层面影响年轻技术民的社会融入策略,以及其扎根城市的态度?通过对上海年轻技术移民群体的实证研究,本文得出以下结论:第一,社会个体的崛起确实使得年轻城市移民在生命轨迹选择上增加了自主性,但由于存在社会结构的制约和引导,个体在看似无限宽广的选择域里实际可选择道路仍然有限,故因自我选择空间增加而对社会融入的正向促进作用不显著;第二,高流动性带来的年轻个体的崛起使得他们拥有了多重社会网络,随着其生命轨迹的变迁,其社会支持网络出现了流动性和多重性,这是年轻技术移民社会融入的途径和适应的结果,有利于年轻个体进入陌生社会场景初期的社会融入;第三,我国有别于西方国家的历史文化背景使得崛起的个体成为“无公德的自我”,一方面在社会融入策略上更倾向于选择以“自我小生境”来消解城市融入的压力,另一方面,新移民们大多对于改变城市宏观制度结构感到无力,致使其更关注个人生存空间而形成一种“自我负责”的意识,从而呈现出一种试图跨越解放政治而直接追寻生活政治的急进型现代化的状态,这样一种状态在很大程度上不利于推动和促进城市新移民社会融入宏观环境的改善。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theory of "social individualization" to probe into the situation of Chinese urban new immigrants taking root in cities. The theory of social individualization holds that with the development and deepening of the modernization process, the individuals in the society are increasingly separated from the traditional social constraints, that is, "de-embedding" occurs, which in turn makes the social structure change. This paper attempts to examine the social integration of new immigrants in Shanghai from the perspective of social individualization, and focuses on the following three aspects in the process of dialogue with the social individualization theory: first of all, The social individualization theory holds that the rise of Chinese social individuals has given young urban immigrants more room to think about themselves in the choice of their life trajectories. And behind this seemingly free choice lies the structure of the market and the government, which is guided and restricted by the combination of the market and the government. This article would like to further explore whether the free space gained by the rise of individuals plays a positive role in promoting the integration of young skilled immigrants into urban society. Secondly, high social mobility is the important background of the phenomenon of social individualization, and individualization theory holds that young individuals who participate in the mobility will in turn reshape their relationship with social groups and institutions, and promote the change of social system. So to what extent will this reshape affect the social integration of young urban migrants? Finally, due to the historical and cultural differences between China and Western Europe, the rising individuals in Chinese society have often become "unscrupulous selves". Will this influence the social integration strategy of young technologists at what level? And their attitude toward taking root in the city? Based on the empirical study of the young skilled immigrants in Shanghai, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the rise of social individuals does increase the autonomy of the young urban migrants in the choice of life trajectory. However, due to the restriction and guidance of social structure, the actual choice of individual in the seemingly infinite choice field is still limited, so the positive promoting effect on social integration is not significant because of the increase of self-choice space. Second, the rise of young individuals with high mobility has enabled them to have multiple social networks, and as their life paths have changed, their social support networks have become mobile and multifaceted. This is the social integration of young skilled immigrants and the result of adaptation, which is conducive to the young individuals into the unfamiliar social scene of the initial social integration; Third, the historical and cultural background of our country is different from that of the western countries, which makes the rising individual become the "unethical self". On the one hand, it is more inclined to choose "self-niche" to eliminate the pressure of urban integration in the strategy of social integration. On the other hand, most of the new immigrants feel powerless to change the macro structure of the city, causing them to pay more attention to the individual living space and form a sense of "self-responsibility". Thus it presents a state of rapid modernization that tries to stride beyond the politics of liberation and directly pursue the politics of life. To a great extent, such a state is not conducive to promoting and promoting the improvement of the macro environment of the new urban immigrant society.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C912.3;C912.1
本文编号：2302574
[Abstract]:This paper mainly uses the theory of "social individualization" to probe into the situation of Chinese urban new immigrants taking root in cities. The theory of social individualization holds that with the development and deepening of the modernization process, the individuals in the society are increasingly separated from the traditional social constraints, that is, "de-embedding" occurs, which in turn makes the social structure change. This paper attempts to examine the social integration of new immigrants in Shanghai from the perspective of social individualization, and focuses on the following three aspects in the process of dialogue with the social individualization theory: first of all, The social individualization theory holds that the rise of Chinese social individuals has given young urban immigrants more room to think about themselves in the choice of their life trajectories. And behind this seemingly free choice lies the structure of the market and the government, which is guided and restricted by the combination of the market and the government. This article would like to further explore whether the free space gained by the rise of individuals plays a positive role in promoting the integration of young skilled immigrants into urban society. Secondly, high social mobility is the important background of the phenomenon of social individualization, and individualization theory holds that young individuals who participate in the mobility will in turn reshape their relationship with social groups and institutions, and promote the change of social system. So to what extent will this reshape affect the social integration of young urban migrants? Finally, due to the historical and cultural differences between China and Western Europe, the rising individuals in Chinese society have often become "unscrupulous selves". Will this influence the social integration strategy of young technologists at what level? And their attitude toward taking root in the city? Based on the empirical study of the young skilled immigrants in Shanghai, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the rise of social individuals does increase the autonomy of the young urban migrants in the choice of life trajectory. However, due to the restriction and guidance of social structure, the actual choice of individual in the seemingly infinite choice field is still limited, so the positive promoting effect on social integration is not significant because of the increase of self-choice space. Second, the rise of young individuals with high mobility has enabled them to have multiple social networks, and as their life paths have changed, their social support networks have become mobile and multifaceted. This is the social integration of young skilled immigrants and the result of adaptation, which is conducive to the young individuals into the unfamiliar social scene of the initial social integration; Third, the historical and cultural background of our country is different from that of the western countries, which makes the rising individual become the "unethical self". On the one hand, it is more inclined to choose "self-niche" to eliminate the pressure of urban integration in the strategy of social integration. On the other hand, most of the new immigrants feel powerless to change the macro structure of the city, causing them to pay more attention to the individual living space and form a sense of "self-responsibility". Thus it presents a state of rapid modernization that tries to stride beyond the politics of liberation and directly pursue the politics of life. To a great extent, such a state is not conducive to promoting and promoting the improvement of the macro environment of the new urban immigrant society.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C912.3;C912.1
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