从社会保险到国家福利-1906-1948年英国社会福利政策研究
发布时间：2019-07-05 20:27
【摘要】：社会福利政策是影响公民福利和社会和谐的重要因素,任何一个国家在现代化过程中都无法回避的这一问题。英国是西方福利的典型代表,无论是将社会保障制度以法律形式固定下来的1601年《济贫法》,还是1948年《国民保险法》和《国民保健法》的同时生效,英国的社会福利政策都在世界社会保障制度发展史上发挥着举足轻重的作用。二十世纪上半叶,英国的社会福利政策经历了从施舍到权利、从个人责任到政府责任、从社会保险向国家福利的转变,建立起了一整套比较完整的福利国家制度。因此,对英国社会福利政策的研究不仅有助于理解现代社会保障制度的基本理念和发展轨迹,也能为我国社会福利体系的构建和社会保障制度的完善积累丰富的经验。 本文主要运用了文献研究法、系统分析法、典型剖析法等研究方法,以考察英国福利国家制度的政策发展脉络为切入点,以二十世纪上半叶为时代背景,对英国福利国家确立时期的社会福利政策演进历程进行了系统梳理,综合分析其演变的特点、价值取向,并以史论结合的方式深入探讨引起社会福利政策由社会保险向国家福利转变的多维动因。2009年欧债危机开始出现端倪,其爆发的一个重要因素就是福利国家的居高不下的福利,本文最后结合欧债危机这一社会热点对英国的福利国家给予了相对公平的评价和反思,总结其历史经验教训,以期对中国相关问题的解决提供有益的借鉴。在此研究框架之下,本文的章节安排如下： 第一章导论,是文章的引言部分,主要包括选题背景、文献综述、研究方法和内容以及文章主要概念的界定；第二章开始是正文部分,概述了1906-1948年英国不同阶段的社会政策的发展情况,大体上将二十世纪上半叶英国的社会福利政策发展历程大致分为济贫制度的发展、社会保险制度的确立、社会保险制度的进一步发展、福利国家的蓝图、福利国家的建立五个阶段,分别介绍了各个阶段的福利政策立法情况；第三章承接第二章,归纳了英国社会福利政策演变的特点和价值取向,特点主要是国家责任、全面覆盖和综合统一三个方面,价值取向上更加重视平等与公正、公民权利和福利共识；第四章介绍了英国国家福利制度确立的多重诱因,具体从纷纷兴起的各学派的社会福利思潮、国内严重的社会问题、动荡的国际局势、政党政治与福利共识四个角度论述了英国由社会保险向国家福利转变的必然性；第五章对英国由社会保险向国家福利转变的福利政策做了综合评价,分别从成就、危机和启示方面着手,并结合自2009年开始的欧债危机,试图对英国从社会保险到国家福利的转变给出较为客观的剖析和评价,以得出对我国的福利制度建设过程中的一些有益的经验启迪。
[Abstract]:Social welfare policy is an important factor affecting citizens' welfare and social harmony, which can not be avoided by any country in the process of modernization. Britain is a typical representative of western welfare. Whether it is the 1601 Poverty Relief Act, which fixed the social security system in the legal form, or the National Insurance Act and the National Health Care Act of 1948, the British social welfare policy plays an important role in the history of the development of the world social security system. In the first half of the 20th century, the British social welfare policy experienced the transformation from charity to right, from individual responsibility to government responsibility, from social insurance to national welfare, and established a complete welfare state system. Therefore, the study of British social welfare policy can not only help to understand the basic concept and development track of modern social security system, but also accumulate rich experience for the construction of social welfare system and the perfection of social security system in our country. This paper mainly uses literature research method, systematic analysis method, typical analysis method and other research methods, takes the policy development of British welfare state system as the breakthrough point, takes the first half of the 20th century as the background of the times, systematically combs the evolution course of social welfare policy in the period of the establishment of British welfare state, and comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and value orientation of its evolution. And in the way of the combination of historical theory, this paper deeply discusses the multi-dimensional causes of the transformation of social welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare. In 2009, the European debt crisis began to emerge, and one of the important factors that broke out was the high welfare of the welfare state. Finally, combined with the social hot spot of the European debt crisis, this paper gives a relatively fair evaluation and reflection on the British welfare state, and sums up its historical experience and lessons. In order to provide useful reference for the solution of related problems in China. Under this research framework, the chapter of this paper is arranged as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly includes the background of the topic, literature review, research methods and content, as well as the definition of the main concepts of the article; The second chapter begins with the main body, which summarizes the development of social policy in Britain from 1906 to 1948. In general, the development process of social welfare policy in Britain in the first half of the 20th century is roughly divided into five stages: the development of poverty relief system, the establishment of social insurance system, the further development of social insurance system, the blueprint of welfare state and the establishment of welfare state. The legislation of welfare policy in each stage is introduced respectively. The third chapter is the second chapter, which sums up the characteristics and value orientation of the evolution of British social welfare policy, which is mainly characterized by state responsibility, comprehensive coverage and comprehensive unity, and pays more attention to equality and justice, civil rights and welfare consensus on the value orientation. The fourth chapter introduces the multiple inducements of the establishment of the British national welfare system, and discusses the necessity of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare from four angles: the rising social welfare trend of thought, the serious social problems in China, the turbulent international situation and the consensus of party politics and welfare. The fifth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare, starting from the aspects of achievements, crisis and enlightenment, and combining with the European debt crisis since 2009, tries to give a more objective analysis and evaluation of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare, in order to obtain some useful experience and enlightenment in the process of the construction of welfare system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D756.1;C913.7
[Abstract]:Social welfare policy is an important factor affecting citizens' welfare and social harmony, which can not be avoided by any country in the process of modernization. Britain is a typical representative of western welfare. Whether it is the 1601 Poverty Relief Act, which fixed the social security system in the legal form, or the National Insurance Act and the National Health Care Act of 1948, the British social welfare policy plays an important role in the history of the development of the world social security system. In the first half of the 20th century, the British social welfare policy experienced the transformation from charity to right, from individual responsibility to government responsibility, from social insurance to national welfare, and established a complete welfare state system. Therefore, the study of British social welfare policy can not only help to understand the basic concept and development track of modern social security system, but also accumulate rich experience for the construction of social welfare system and the perfection of social security system in our country. This paper mainly uses literature research method, systematic analysis method, typical analysis method and other research methods, takes the policy development of British welfare state system as the breakthrough point, takes the first half of the 20th century as the background of the times, systematically combs the evolution course of social welfare policy in the period of the establishment of British welfare state, and comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and value orientation of its evolution. And in the way of the combination of historical theory, this paper deeply discusses the multi-dimensional causes of the transformation of social welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare. In 2009, the European debt crisis began to emerge, and one of the important factors that broke out was the high welfare of the welfare state. Finally, combined with the social hot spot of the European debt crisis, this paper gives a relatively fair evaluation and reflection on the British welfare state, and sums up its historical experience and lessons. In order to provide useful reference for the solution of related problems in China. Under this research framework, the chapter of this paper is arranged as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly includes the background of the topic, literature review, research methods and content, as well as the definition of the main concepts of the article; The second chapter begins with the main body, which summarizes the development of social policy in Britain from 1906 to 1948. In general, the development process of social welfare policy in Britain in the first half of the 20th century is roughly divided into five stages: the development of poverty relief system, the establishment of social insurance system, the further development of social insurance system, the blueprint of welfare state and the establishment of welfare state. The legislation of welfare policy in each stage is introduced respectively. The third chapter is the second chapter, which sums up the characteristics and value orientation of the evolution of British social welfare policy, which is mainly characterized by state responsibility, comprehensive coverage and comprehensive unity, and pays more attention to equality and justice, civil rights and welfare consensus on the value orientation. The fourth chapter introduces the multiple inducements of the establishment of the British national welfare system, and discusses the necessity of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare from four angles: the rising social welfare trend of thought, the serious social problems in China, the turbulent international situation and the consensus of party politics and welfare. The fifth chapter makes a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare policy from social insurance to national welfare, starting from the aspects of achievements, crisis and enlightenment, and combining with the European debt crisis since 2009, tries to give a more objective analysis and evaluation of the transformation from social insurance to national welfare, in order to obtain some useful experience and enlightenment in the process of the construction of welfare system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D756.1;C913.7
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