基于有序充种方式的滚筒鸭嘴穴播器的设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 23:14

本文选题：棉种 + 精量穴播器　；参考：《石河子大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆是中国最大的优质棉生产基地,精量播种是新疆棉花种植的发展方向。与气力式精量穴播器相比,机械式穴播器具有结构简单,维护方便,成本低等优势,但是机械式穴播器存在充种起拱(多粒种子拥堵在进种口)造成的空穴问题。目前的研究集中在起拱机理和破拱方法,论文提出从根本上解决起拱的方案——有序排队充种,能够预防起拱。本文根据排队充种思想设计了有序充种取种器及穴播器。有序充种取种器的结构为V型槽结合并排双腔结构,利用V型槽的特殊导向作用使种子在自身重力和离心力的作用下排成一队,同时结合并排双腔结构,解决种子排队充种之后的精量分离问题。论文利用虚拟仿真技术,模拟有序充种穴播器的工作过程,观察分析种子的姿态变化,发现影响种子排队的主要因素为取种器的定种孔的大小、双腔的宽度以及V型槽的形状;利用仿真试验,确定了取种器的最佳结构参数组合,即定种孔的高度为6mm,宽度为10mm,充种腔的宽度为7mm,携种腔的宽度为6mm,充种腔的底面倾角为45°,携种腔的底面倾角为45°,V型槽底部中心距定种板距离为2mm。利用3D打印快速成型技术,结合模块化加工方法,对有序充种穴播器的取种器模块进行加工,取种器的复杂结构得到准确的呈现,装配之后能够顺利运行。利用台架试验,验证了虚拟仿真试验的准确性,同时结合正交试验,确定了穴播器的最佳结构参数和工作参数组合——腰带直径300mm,腰带圆周上均匀分布14个排种器,排种轴转速40r/min;添加二次充种装置,进一步降低穴播器的空穴率至3%,提高排种性能。论文研究的排队充种方法集中于主动排队,主要利用取种器的特殊结构使种子在自身的重力下主动进行排队和充种,但是排种效果还不够理想,未来可以继续向强制排队方向进行深入的研究。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is the largest high-quality cotton production base in China. Precision sowing is the development direction of cotton planting in Xinjiang. Compared with pneumatic precision seeder, mechanical hole-seeder has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and low cost, but the mechanical hole-seeding device has the hole problem caused by seeding arch (multi-grain seed clogging at the seed entrance). At present, the research focuses on the mechanism of arcing and the method of breaking arch. This paper puts forward a scheme to fundamentally solve the problem of arcing-orderly queue filling, which can prevent arcing. In this paper, an orderly seeding and seeding device is designed according to the idea of queuing seed filling. The structure of the ordered seeding extractor is V-shaped groove combined with side-by-side double-cavity structure. Using the special guiding action of V-groove, the seeds are formed in a line under the action of their own gravity and centrifugal force, and at the same time, they are combined with the parallel double-cavity structure. To solve the problem of precision separation after seed queuing and filling. In this paper, the virtual simulation technology is used to simulate the working process of the ordered seeding device, and the changes of seed attitude are observed and analyzed. It is found that the main factors affecting the seed queuing are the size of the seed picker's fixed hole, the width of the double cavities and the shape of the V-shaped slot. The optimum structure parameter combination of seed picker is determined by simulation test. The height and width of seed hole are 6mm, 10mm, 7mm, 6mm, 45 掳, 45 掳and 45 掳, respectively. The distance between the center of V-shaped groove and the seed plate is 2 mm. By using 3D printing rapid prototyping technology and modular machining method, the seed picker module of the ordered seeding device is processed. The complex structure of the seed extractor is presented accurately and can run smoothly after assembly. The veracity of the virtual simulation test is verified by the bench test, and the optimum structural parameters and working parameters of the hole seeder are determined, which are the belt diameter 300mm and the uniform distribution of 14 metering devices on the girdle circumference. The rotation speed of the seeding axis is 40 r / min, and the second filling device is added to further reduce the hole rate of the seeding device to 3, and to improve the seeding performance. In this paper, the method of seed filling is focused on active queue. The special structure of seed taker makes seed queue and seed filling under its own gravity, but the effect of seeding is not good enough. In the future, we can continue to study in the direction of forced queuing.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S223.2

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