美国民族国家与帝国的双重构建（1776-1867）

发布时间：2018-02-09 23:02

本文关键词： 美国民族国家帝国双重构建　出处：《吉林大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国是一个民族国家？抑或一个帝国？为了解答这个问题，，本文选取美国从《独立宣言》到内战结束左右美国早期历史，试图找出美国民族国家与帝国的起源与早期构建，并说明民族国家与帝国是美国早期历史中两条重要的线索，存在着同期阶段性与互动性等特征。理解美国早期历史中并行交织的两个趋势对深入理解当代美国与当代世界提供了崭新的视角与方向。第一章是导论，主要提出研究的意义，梳理了国内外对于美国民族国家发展、帝国思想与构建以及两者之间关系的相关研究成果，指出其中存在的问题与不足，阐释了本文的研究思路与论文结构。第二章对民族国家与帝国的理论进行了梳理。从民族与民族主义入手，本章解释了民族国家所具有的现实与理念的双重意义，从而为美国民族国家的特性进行了剖析。在对帝国概念的整理中加入了对大英帝国构建的阐释，指出美利坚帝国构建与英帝国有着血脉相通的性质和思想意识起源。在对民族国家和帝国关系的问题上，本章指出了美国与世界上其他国家所不同的特性，即美国同时具备民族国家与帝国的属性，而且两种属性之间存在着互动性。第三章回顾了殖民地时期美国民族认同的起源，从殖民地人民的种族、宗教意识形态与殖民地联合的发展等方面证明了美国在革命前初步具备了一个民族的性质。而殖民地时期自治权的发展与母国的矛盾最终构成北美革命的重要条件。与此同时，作为大英帝国的组成部分，殖民地人民一开始就具有开拓进取、征服美洲的扩张基因，体现为早期的美国例外论与“天定命运”思想。第四章首先讲述了从《邦联条例》到《美国宪法》的制定过程，展示了美国立国原则与政治妥协。从联邦派执政到共和派时期，美国经历了激烈的政治辩论，基本上形成了美国民族国家的框架与发展方向。与此同时，美国开始了大陆帝国扩张的尝试，通过拓殖西部与路易斯安那购地开始了帝国的初步构建。这一时期民族国家与帝国之间关系体现为：自由帝国思想的广泛传播鼓舞着美国人的民族意识，而美国政府在对外扩张方面起到了推动作用。第五章首先描述了美国从第二次英美战争结束到1848年之间民族国家的进一步构建。工业化的发展带来了美国经济的腾飞，美国经济的繁荣伴随着民族主义情绪的高涨而带来短暂的和睦时期。随后，美国国内的矛盾导致两党制的产生，使美国政治进一步民主化和大众化，但也加深了国内的分化。这一时期美国的帝国构建达到一个高潮，佛罗里达、俄勒冈与美墨战争让美国的领土急速扩张，同时对西部的开发也开启了西部领土美国化的进程。这一时期民族国家与帝国的关系体现为：民族国家内部矛盾开始产生，而通过扩张领土可以在新的领土上缓和紧张关系的产生。而新成立的州以何种身份加入联邦逐渐成为南北分歧的重点。第六章首先从奴隶制存废问题的辩论、两党制的瓦解和新型两党的产生以及内战爆发与结束等环节勾勒出民族国家从分化到危机、从解体到重生的过程。而帝国构建在这一时期产生了新的趋势，大陆帝国在这一时期宣告终结。在对民族国家与帝国关系的分析中，西部领土的身份问题终于成为南北双方矛盾不可调和的结点，最终引发了内战。而联邦在拯救民族国家方面不遗余力，并在战争期间以及战后继续坚持帝国扩张的政策。结论部分总结了美国民族国家构建与帝国构建的三种特性：1、民族国家构建和帝国构建是美国早期历史的两个重要线索；2、民族国家构建与帝国构建有着相同的阶段性；3、民族国家构建与帝国构建有着促进与制约的互动性。
[Abstract]:The United States is a nation or an empire?? to answer this question, this paper selects the United States from the "Declaration of independence to the end of the civil war about the early history of the United States, trying to find out the American nation and empire building and early origin, and that the nation and the Empire is the two important clues to the early history of the United States, there are during the same period stage and interactive features. To understand the two trends of the early history of the United States parallel interleaver in-depth understanding of contemporary American and the contemporary world provides a new perspective and direction.
The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly puts forward the significance of the research, combing the related research results of the development of the US nation states, the Empire thought and construction, and the relationship between them, pointing out the existing problems and shortcomings, and explaining the research ideas and structure of this paper.
The second chapter is the theory of nation and Empire carried out. Starting from the nation and nationalism, this chapter explains the significance of reality and the concept of the nation-state has, and analyzes the characteristics of American nation. In the idea of Empire joined the consolidation of the British Empire Building interpretation, pointed out the United Empire Building has blood nature and ideology origin and the British Empire. In the nation and Empire relationship issues, this chapter points out the characteristics of the United States and other countries in the world are different, at the same time that the United States has prepared the nation and attribute of the Empire, and between two properties there are interactive.
The third chapter reviews the origins of American national identity during the colonial period, the colonial people race, religion and colonial ideology combined with the development of the United States before the revolution proved initially with the nature of a nation. And the contradiction in the development of colonial autonomy and the parent country finally constitutes an important condition of the American Revolution at the same time, as a part of the British Empire, the colonial people start with pioneering, conquer the extension gene America, reflects the early American Exceptionalism and the "manifest destiny" thought.
The fourth chapter firstly introduces the articles of Confederation from < > and < > the constitution of the United States to develop the process, show our founding principles and political compromise. From the Federalists ruling to Republican period, the United States experienced a fierce political debate, basically formed the national framework and development direction. At the same time, the United States began try, Empire, the West and the Louisiana purchase began to colonize the preliminary construction of the Empire. The relationship between the nation and the Empire during this period is widely spread in the Empire of liberty thought inspired the American national consciousness, while the United States government in foreign expansion has played a role.
The fifth chapter describes the United States from the second Anglo American war to the end of 1848 between the national construction. Further development of industrialization has brought us the rapid development of economy, the prosperity of American economy along with the upsurge of nationalism and bring harmony short period. Subsequently, the United States led to conflicts of the two party system, the politics of the United States further democratization and popularization, but also deepen the domestic differentiation. During this period, the empire building reached a climax, Florida, Oregon and the Mexican American war to the United States territory of rapid expansion, while the development of the western territory of the United States also opened the process. Relationship between the nation and the Empire during this period. Includes: internal contradictions of nation began to produce, and can ease tensions through territorial expansion in New Territories is produced. And the new state of what The membership of the Federation has gradually become the focus of the north and South differences.
The sixth chapter from the slavery abolition debate, and the collapse of Civil War of the two party system and the new party and the end of the outbreak of crisis from the nation to outline the differentiation process from disintegration to rebirth. While the empire building produced a new trend in this period, the Empire came to an end in this period in the analysis of nation-state and Empire relations, identity the western territories finally became the South and north sides of the irreconcilable contradiction between the nodes, and ultimately led to the civil war. And the federal spare no effort in rescuing the nation state, and continue to adhere to the Empire during the war and Postwar Policy.
The conclusion part summarizes the three characteristics of national construction and the construction of the Empire: 1, national construction and Empire construction are two important clues to the early history of the United States; 2, national construction and the construction of a stage of the same empire; 3, national construction and empire building has a promote and restrict the interaction.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D771.2;K712.4

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