罗斯福与纳粹德国

发布时间：2018-02-15 07:52

本文关键词： 美国对德政策安抚绥靖遏制　出处：《首都师范大学》2001年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文从美国的欧洲战略出发论述1933—1940年的美国对德政策。第一次世界大战后，美国确立的欧洲战略是：在孤立主义的大前提下，极力使欧洲保持和平与稳定，以利于美国对欧洲进行经济扩张。美国在1933—1940年间实行的对德政策就是为这一欧洲战略服务的。 1933—1940年的美国对德政策历经三个阶段：从1933年罗斯福成为美国总统到1938年3月德国吞并奥地利前，美国对德国奉行安抚政策。它企图通过满足德国修正《凡尔赛条约》不公正对待的要求来消除德国的不满情绪，进而使欧洲保持和平与稳定。为此，美国默认德国重整军备的举动，并先后推出富勒使命和韦尔斯计划等安抚德国的行动与设想。但是，由于德国的外交目标根本不限于修正《凡尔赛条约》，因此，美国的安抚行动和计划均告失败。从德国吞并奥地利开始到1938年9月签订《慕尼黑协定》为止，美国对德国实行的是绥靖政策。它企图以牺牲小国的利益来换取欧洲和平的维持。为此，它对德国吞并奥地利的举动采取了事实上承认的态度；在“五月危机”前后和“慕尼黑危机”期间，它也主张满足德国吞并苏台德区的愿望，并希望以此来换取欧洲的所谓“和平”。慕尼黑会议之后，美国的对德政策是绥靖与遏制并存。慕尼黑会议之后，希特勒显示出来的无止无尽的侵略野心超过了美国对德政策所能容忍的限度，因此，美国政策中开始出现遏制德国的倾向。但与此同时，美国并没有放弃绥靖德国的立场。绥靖与遏制并存的美国对德政策在罗斯福1939年4月和8月向希特勒发出的两次“和平呼吁”和 1940年韦尔斯的欧洲之行中得到了充分体现。但是，美国推行的这一政策没有取得效果，，随着希特勒1940年4月再次发动侵略，美国绥靖与遏制并存的对德政策宣告失败。美国随后走上了遏制德国的道路，直至最终宣战。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the American policy towards Germany from 1933 to 1940 from the European strategy of the United States. After the first World War, the European strategy established by the United States was: under the premise of isolationism, the United States made every effort to make Europe. To maintain peace and stability in the interests of America's economic expansion of Europe. Policy serves this European strategy. The American policy towards Germany from 1933 to 1940 went through three stages:. Before Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, before Roosevelt became President of the United States in 1933, the United States committed itself to Germany. A policy of appeasement. It seeks to eliminate Germany's injustice by satisfying Germany's demands to amend the Versailles treaty. The United States acquiesced in Germany's arms rearmament and pushed it one after another. The mission of Fuller and the Welles plan to appease Germany. However, because of Germany's diplomatic goals, it is not at all. Limited to amending the Treaty of Versailles, America's pacification and program failed. From the beginning of Germany's annexation of Austria to the signing of the Munich Agreement on September 1938, the United States imposed on Germany. It was a policy of appeasement. It attempted to sacrifice the interests of small nations in exchange for the maintenance of peace in Europe. For this reason, it annexed Germany. Austria adopted a de facto recognition attitude; before and after the "May crisis" and during the "Munich crisis", It also favours Germany's annexation of Sudeten in exchange for Europe's so-called peace. After the Munich Conference, the American policy towards Germany was appeasement and containment. After the Munich Conference, Hitler showed. The inexhaustible aggressive ambitions that have been shown exceed the limits of American policy towards Germany, and therefore, in American policy, At the same time, the United States did not give up its appeasement position. Appeasement and containment. On April 1939 and August, Roosevelt made two "appeals for peace" to Hitler. Welles' trip to Europe in 1940 was well exemplified. But the policy pursued by the United States did not work. With Hitler's invasion in April 1940, America's policy of appeasement and containment failed. He then embarked on the road of containing Germany until it finally declared war.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：K152;K712.52;K516.44

【引证文献】