战后初期美国军方的远东政策主张及其影响（1945年8月—1950年6月）

发布时间：2018-03-03 18:18

本文选题：战后初期　切入点：美国军方　出处：《华中师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 军事与外交是维护和增进国家利益的主要手段，军事机构在决策中具有至关重要的作用。在战后初期美国远东政策的制订过程中，美国军方提出了自己的主张，并对政策最终形成与演变产生了重要影响。第二次世界大战结束后，世界格局发生重大变化，美国政府开始考虑推行新的远东政策。军方将中国视为“远东之锚”，主张更积极地援助蒋介石统一中国；随着形势的“恶化”，甚至提出卷入中国内战的建议。军方还力图占有和保留在西太平洋的军事基地，并保持美国在日本的“支配声音”。 1947年初，美国在国共间调停的政策宣告失败，美国政府开始重新审视远东政策。军方把中国国民政府作为对付苏联和共产主义“扩张”的“自由堡垒”，而将日本作为促进亚洲复兴的“生产工场”，因而主张积极扶蒋反共、促进日本复兴，同时从战略角度出发建议撤退驻朝部队。 1948年秋，国民党军队在解放军的决战攻势下节节败退，中国局势日益“恶化”，美国政府再次因讨论改变对华政策而引发对整个远东政策的调整。军方强烈反对从中国“脱身”，主张予以进一步援助帮其拖延一段时间。但同时也考虑将远东政策的重心转到日本，并且赋予台湾以重要战略意义，建议以经济和外交手段“守住”台湾。 1949年秋，新中国成立，不久国民党退守台湾。在“丢失”中国的形势下，美国又一次被推到远东政策的十字路口。军方将日本视为美国远东战略的支柱，开始重估台湾的战略重要性，同时注意到了东南亚在遏制“中苏集团”中的作用。国务院等其他机构对军方的主张并不完全赞同，但军方的意见对政策的形成与演变仍产生了重要影响。军方主要是从军事角度提出建议的，由于军事因素关乎国家安全，因而军方的主张不容忽视，有时甚至起决定作用。但军事考虑毕竟是片面的，往往需要服从政治考虑，而且还要总统定夺，所以军方的影响也是有限的。
[Abstract]:Military and diplomacy is the main means to safeguard and promote the interests of the state, the military organization plays an important role in the decision making process. In the American foreign policy in the early postwar period, the U.S. military put forward their own ideas, and has a great influence on the evolution of policy formation.
After the Second World War, the world situation has undergone significant changes, the U.S. government began to consider the implementation of the new policy in the Far East. The military will Chinese as far east anchor, advocated a more active help Jiang Jieshi unified Chinese; as the situation worsened, and put forward suggestions. Chinese involved in the civil war the military also tries to retain possession and in the Western Pacific military base, and keep the United States in Japan's "dominant voice".
At the beginning of 1947, the United States in the mediation between the policy failed, the U.S. government began to re-examine the Far East policy. The national government military China as against the Soviet Union and the Communist "expansion" of the "bastion of freedom", which will promote the rejuvenation of Asia, Japan as the "production workshop", which advocated anti Chiang, promote the revival of Japan at the same time, from a strategic point of view in the DPRK proposed withdrawal forces.
The autumn of 1948, the Kuomintang army offensive decisive battle in the liberation army into retreat, Chinese situation increasingly worsened, the United States government again due to discuss China policy change caused by the Far East policy adjustment. The military strong opposition from the Chinese "get out", advocated further aid to help the delay for a period of time. But at the same time to consider the focus of the Far East policy to Japan, and Taiwan to give important strategic significance to economic and diplomatic means "hold" in Taiwan.
The autumn of 1949, the new China was established shortly after the KMT retreated to Taiwan. In the "lost" China situation, the United States once again pushed to the Far East policy at the crossroads. As a pillar of Japan's military will far east strategy of America, to the strategic importance of revaluation of Taiwan, while noting the "Sino Soviet group" in the containment of the role in South East Asia.
That the State Council and other institutions of the military does not agree, but the formation and evolution of the policy of military advice still had a significant impact. The main recommendations from the military point of view, because the military factors related to national security, and military claims can not be ignored, and sometimes even play a decisive role. But military considerations after all is one-sided, often need to obey the political considerations, but also to the president to decide, so the military influence is limited.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.5

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