17-19世纪法裔美国人历史与特点研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 01:29

本文选题：美国　切入点：法国　出处：《华东师范大学》2008年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 众所周知,美国是一个移民国家,它的移民涵盖了几乎世界上所有的国家与地区。对于美国移民问题的研究由来已久,关注的焦点也十分多样化。但是,相对而言,对有关于法国移民的研究却并不充分。这有多方面的原因,比如法国移民的总体数量并不多,导致美国方面对于这个问题不够重视,而且法国官方对于这个问题总是刻意淡化。尽管如此,法国移民还是有几个鲜明特征,包括人数少,数量稳定,整体素质比较高,但是即便在美国取得一定的成功,法国移民返回母国的比率仍旧相当高。其中,法国移民最鲜明的一个特点就是他们大多是由中产阶级构成的。全文由前言、正文和结语三大部分组成。前言论述了法国移民的基本历史沿革,包括几次移民高潮,并就国内外法国移民的研究状况进行了梳理。在正文部分,本文着重阐述了17—19世纪法裔移民构成以中产阶级为主这一特点。第一章按照移民的原因对法国移民的历史进行阐述,包括宗教、经济、政治原因。接着从法国自身的历史发展角度,着重解释为什么法国移民大都是有一定技能的中产阶级,而并不像其他国家的移民那样,大都是由农民为代表的比较贫穷的阶级构成。第二章主要论述17—19世纪法国知识分子对于美国复杂的看法,各种观点针锋相对,互相交织,争论的焦点主要是北美这块大陆究竟是否适宜欧洲人的生活与发展。但是这些争论对于法国普通民众而言是很陌生的,这也从侧面解释了为什么法国移民较少选择前往北美。18世纪60年代之后,随着七年战争的爆发,各种有关北美的报道日益增多,两国之间的交流也日益密切,尤其是本杰明·富兰克林不遗余力的宣传,在法国掀起了一股“崇美主义”。在这“一推一拉”的作用下,再加上法国大革命期的动荡,导致众多的法国中产阶级移民美国。第三章将焦点对准了杜邦家族,首先是皮埃尔·塞缪尔·杜邦。作为旧制度时期法国贵族,他经历了法国大革命这一巨变,失去了贵族的身份。此外,由于他的特殊身份,他与美、法两国的上层都很熟悉。作为一名中产阶级,当他在法国失势之后,他选择到美国实现梦想。可惜的是,美国的现实环境使得他无所适从,迷失自我,被迫回到法国,但是法国的局势也已今非昔比,最终他在美国郁郁而终。而老杜邦的次予埃勒泰尔·伊雷内·杜邦却凭借自身的努力与时代提供的机遇,将火药生意越做越大,成为了法裔中产阶级移民的成功典型。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the United States is an immigrant country, and its immigration covers almost all countries and regions in the world. There are many reasons for this, such as the fact that the total number of French immigrants is not large, which leads the United States to pay less attention to this issue. And French officials tend to play down the issue. Still, there are several distinct characteristics of French immigrants, including small numbers, stable numbers and relatively high overall quality, but even if they succeed in the United States, The rate of return of French immigrants to their home countries is still quite high. One of the most striking features of French immigrants is that they are mostly made up of the middle class. The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The preface discusses the basic historical evolution of French immigrants, including several immigration climaxes, and combs the research status of French immigrants at home and abroad. In the main part, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the middle class of the French immigrants in the 17-19 century. The first chapter expounds the history of the French immigrants according to the reasons of immigration, including religion, economy, and so on. Political reasons. Then, from the perspective of France's own historical development, I would like to explain why French immigrants are mostly middle class with certain skills, not like immigrants from other countries. The second chapter mainly deals with the complex views of French intellectuals on the United States in the 17-19 century, which are tit-for-tat and intertwined. The main focus of the debate is whether the North American continent is suitable for European life and development. But these debates are unfamiliar to ordinary French people. This also explains why French immigrants chose less to go to North America. After 60s, with the outbreak of the seven-year war, reports of North America increased and exchanges between the two countries became closer and closer. In particular, Benjamin Franklin spared no effort in propagandizing the idea of "Americanism" in France. Under the influence of "push and pull," he added to the turmoil during the French Revolution. The third chapter focuses on the DuPont family, first of all Pierre Samuel DuPont. As a French aristocrat in the old system, he went through the great changes of the French Revolution. Lost his aristocratic status. Besides, because of his special status, he is familiar with the United States and the upper echelons of France. As a middle class, when he lost power in France, he chose to come to the United States to realize his dream. Unfortunately, The reality of the United States left him at a loss and forced to return to France, but the situation in France was different. In the end, he died in the United States, and the old DuPont gave Elertel Irene DuPont, with his own efforts and the opportunities offered by the times, to make the gunpowder business bigger and bigger, becoming a successful example of French middle-class immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712..4

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