明治政府地税改革政策的研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 17:35

本文选题：明治政府　切入点：地税制度改革　出处：《天津理工大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 明治维新是日本近代发达史的开端,是明治新政府在政治、经济、教育、社会制度等方面进行的全方位改革。在改革中,日本近代工农业的特殊发展形式、以及明治新政府的卓越领导能力,使明治维新不仅在日本近代史,而且在世界近代史上,作为国家发展战略的成功经验,可以说是与西方工业革命遥相呼应的一个榜样。 19世纪中叶的日本仍然是一个落后的封建农业国。如何将混沌于封建制度下的农村生产关系重组,使其成为近代工业发展的推动力,是关系到明治政府全盘改革计划的重要问题。本论文所要论述的地税制度改革,即是新政府为重组农村中的生产关系而推行的一个新政策。地税改革至关重要,它的成败直接关系到其它改革能否顺利进行。在地税改革过程中,明治政府本着与时俱进、快速发展的基本精神,始终坚持改革的近代性与前瞻性,使其按预定的“近代性基调”不断地向前发展。地税改革对国民来讲,关系到几个阶层的根本利益;对政府来讲,关系到日本近代化的根本原则---发展速度问题。因此,地税改革从诞生开始就被各种反对势力所围攻。明治政府以避锐攻驰之策,棘路豁开之势,充分发挥中央政权的领导能力,在一片如坚冰的阻力面前为地税改革开辟出了一条通往成功的道路。本文围绕着地税改革的两个问题点进行细致分析。第一,以明治政府为研究的着眼点,通过分析地税制度改革过程中具有代表性的政策案例,阐述明治政府是怎样进行地税制度改革,又是如何坚持其近代性和前瞻性的。第二,解释分析明治政府是怎样应对推行地税改革时所遇到的阻力,又是如何转嫁矛盾避免冲突的。笔者力求避免空泛论述地税改革,试图从新的角度考察这一课题。将研究的重点放在明治政府如何制定政策,怎样采取策略措施上,力争有所创新,为日本近代史问题研究注入新的活力。
[Abstract]:The Meiji Restoration is the beginning of Japan's modern developed history and the omni-directional reform carried out by the Meiji New Government in politics, economy, education, social system, etc. In the process of reform, Japan's modern industrial and agricultural development took a special form. As well as the superior leadership ability of the Meiji New Government, Meiji Restoration not only in the modern history of Japan, but also in the modern history of the world, as a successful experience of national development strategy, can be said to echo the example of the Western Industrial Revolution. In the middle of 19th century, Japan was still a backward feudal agricultural country. How to reorganize the rural production relations, which were chaotic under the feudal system, so as to make it a driving force for the development of modern industry, The reform of the local tax system discussed in this paper is a new policy carried out by the new government in order to restructure the relations of production in the countryside. Its success or failure is directly related to the smooth progress of other reforms. In the process of local tax reform, the Meiji government, in line with the basic spirit of keeping pace with the times and rapid development, has always adhered to the modern nature and foresight of the reform. To make it in accordance with the scheduled "modern tone" to continue to move forward. For the people, the local tax reform concerns the fundamental interests of several strata; for the government, it is related to the fundamental principle of the modernization of Japan-- the speed of development. The local tax reform was besieged by various opposition forces from the beginning of its birth. The Meiji government, with the policy of avoiding sharp attacks and opening its way, gave full play to the leadership ability of the central government. In the face of an icy resistance for land tax reform to open a path to success. This paper focuses on the two problems of local tax reform. First, taking the Meiji government as the research focus, through analyzing the representative policy cases in the process of the reform of the local tax system, Explain how the Meiji government carried out the reform of the local tax system, and how it insisted on its modern and forward-looking nature. Second, explain and analyze how the Meiji government responded to the resistance encountered in the implementation of the local tax reform. The author tries to avoid discussing the land tax reform in a general way, and attempts to examine this subject from a new angle. The focus of the research is on how the Meiji government formulates policies and how to take strategic measures. Strive to innovate and inject new vitality into the study of Japanese modern history.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K313.41;F813.13

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