伯罗奔尼撒战争中雅典的对外关系探析

发布时间：2018-03-15 13:00

本文选题：伯罗奔尼撒战争　切入点：雅典　出处：《东北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：希腊本土位于巴尔干半岛的东南一隅,这里聚集着数以百计的城邦,他们之间存在着各种各样的关系：军事同盟关系、经济伙伴关系、母邦与子邦的关系、邻邦关系..每个城邦都处在由这些关系组成的复杂网络之中。伯罗奔尼撒战争(公元前431——公元前404年)是古代希腊最为著名的战争之一,长达27年之久,希腊社会的经济遭到严重破坏,城邦制度出现危机,此后希腊社会再无法恢复到繁荣局面,可谓是古希腊由盛至衰的转折点。接下来,笔者以雅典为主体,以伯罗奔尼撒战争为时间维度来梳理分析相关的对外关系状况。本文由绪论、正文和结语三部分组成：绪论主要介绍了伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的原因以及国内外研究概况,说明了本文的写作基础和论据来源。正文第一部分主要介绍在伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发前雅典与各方对外关系的状况。此部分又从雅典与提洛同盟的关系和雅典与同盟外的关系两大方面展开。正文第二部分主要介绍了在伯罗奔尼撒战争中对外关系的变动。与作为战争另一方的斯巴达关系的变动及其重要性自是不必多言。同时在此阶段,提洛同盟内部的叛乱也有至关重要的影响。另外,科林斯、阿尔戈斯以及波斯的动向也在很大程度上左右着战争的进程。既然各方关系均有变动,那么笔者在此也稍稍探讨了对外关系的影响因素,主要有利益最大化、政治同情、民族同源心理、当权精英的鼓动、宗教因素和舆论因素等六个方面。正文第三部分主要介绍了对外关系变动对雅典的影响,这其实在一定程度上等同于这场战争对雅典的影响。此前的雅典威名赫赫,握有财富,掌有提洛同盟,邦内的商业贸易也堪称发达。但在战争中,提洛同盟内部一些对雅典的粮食进口路线有重要地位的城邦的叛乱,以及雅典与其他非盟邦的关系的变动,使得雅典的粮食进口道路受阻。面对战场上的失利,雅典内部的统治集团斗争更加激烈,而此两种情况又使得雅典人的情绪低落,信心骤减,风发不再。结语部分记述了通过对对雅典战前、战中、战后三个阶段对外关系变动的梳理,对其影响因素的探究而得出的对其后果的反思,使我们更加理性明智地看待国际关系。
[Abstract]:Greece is located in the southeastern corner of the Balkan Peninsula, where hundreds of city-states have a variety of relationships: military alliances, economic partnerships, mother-states and sub-states. Every city-state is in a complex network of these relationships. The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) was one of the most famous wars in ancient Greece for 27 years. The economy of Greek society was seriously destroyed and the city-state system was in crisis. After that, the Greek society was unable to recover to prosperity, which was the turning point from prosperity to decline in ancient Greece. Next, the author took Athens as the main body. Taking the Peloponnesian War as the time dimension, this article is composed of three parts: the introduction, the main body and the conclusion: the introduction mainly introduces the reasons for the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War and the research situation at home and abroad. The first part of the text mainly introduces the external relations between Athens and the parties before the Peloponnesian War. This part also discusses the relationship between Athens and the Tiloh League and the relationship between Athens and other countries. The second part of the text mainly introduces the changes in foreign relations in the Peloponnesian War, and the changes and importance of Spartan relations as the other side of the war. At the same time, at this stage, Insurrections within the Tiloh League also have a vital influence. In addition, the movements of Collins, Argos and Persia have largely shaped the course of the war. Since relations between the parties have changed, Well, here the author also slightly discusses the influence factors on foreign relations, including the maximization of benefits, political sympathy, national homology, and the agitation of the elite in power. Religious factors and public opinion factors, etc. The third part of the text mainly introduces the influence of the changes in foreign relations on Athens, which is actually equivalent to the influence of this war on Athens to a certain extent. At the helm of the Tiloh League, commercial trade in the state was well developed. But during the war, some of the city-states that played an important role in Athens's food import route, and the changes in Athens's relations with other non-allied states, This obstructed the way to food imports in Athens. In the face of the defeat in the battlefield, the struggle between the ruling cliques in Athens became more intense, and both conditions caused the Athenians to be depressed and their confidence plummeted. The conclusion part describes the reflection on the consequences of the changes in the foreign relations between the three stages of the war before and during the war, and through the exploration of the influencing factors. It makes us look at international relations more rationally and wisely.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D819;K125

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