论古罗马共和时期的民族精神

发布时间：2018-03-16 08:39

本文选题：古罗马　切入点：共和时期　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 灿烂的物质文明在精神的沙漠上是建立不起来的,高度发达的物质文明必然与高度的发达的精神文明有关。民族精神是精神文明的核心,是民族文化的凝练与体现,反映了民族特色。通过分析罗马共和时期的民族精神及其形成的原因,能揭示民族精神在罗马共和国兴起中的作用,这是本课题的学术意义。而课题的现实意义在于给当代西方社会振奋精神和中国弘扬民族精神提供借鉴。研究方法上,在遵循社会存在决定社会意识的前提下,着重遵守两点:第一,突出重点、总结归纳,即抓住罗马共和时期的主流精神特征,将零散的精神表现归类;第二,以史实为根据提炼精神特征,杜绝脱离史实主观臆造。罗马共和时期的民族精神是指形成于罗马共和时期,反映境内多民族主流价值取向、思维方式、道德标准,并对罗马共和国的发展起积极作用的精神特征总和。其特征是由罗马人民的历史实践决定的。爱国精神、务实精神、法治精神及和谐精神是古罗马共和时期的主流精神。罗马人具备强烈的“国家至上”的爱国理念,并且是通过道德原则来发挥作用的。罗马人高度讲求实际,以实用作为价值标准,勤于农耕、重视农业科学知识的普及和推广;功利性地考虑政体、法律、宗教信仰和教育;根据实际需要改革兵制;艺术、文学、城市建设也秉承务实的原则。罗马人将法律完美地应用到现实生活中,制定了完善的法律体系,拥有模范式的法律成品;政体集王权、贵族和民主为一体,权利依法分配;执法官员和法学家的贡献突出。和谐精神是本文创新之处,体现在:政治上是元老院、执政官和平民大会三种权力的相互配合、相互制约;文化上兼容并蓄;民族政策上以赐予公民权和缔结同盟的办法使各民族统一到罗马统治之下。罗马民族精神的成因包括地缘环境、对内对外政策、统治阶级的推动和宗教情感的维系四个要素。其中地缘环境影响了民族精神的最初形态是较为新颖的论述。罗马民族精神对罗马共和国崛起的积极影响是毋庸置疑的。爱国、法治、和谐的精神表现对近现代西方社会影响深远。最后,大胆联系当代中国弘扬民族精神大业的实际,指出借鉴意义:大力加强民族精神培育;以和谐理念指导弘扬精神的实践;重视精神的保存和创新。历史遗留的民族精神特征需保持,与时俱进的民族精神新特征尚待形成,这使本课题有更大的研究空间,诸多的学者将会有更精妙的立意和更深入的分析。
[Abstract]:The splendid material civilization cannot be established in the spiritual desert, and the highly developed material civilization must be related to the highly developed spiritual civilization. The national spirit is the core of the spiritual civilization and the condensing and embodiment of the national culture. By analyzing the national spirit of the Roman Republic and the reasons for its formation, we can reveal the role of the national spirit in the rise of the Roman Republic. This is the academic significance of this subject, and the practical significance of the subject lies in providing a reference for the uplifting spirit of contemporary western society and the promotion of national spirit in China. In terms of research methods, under the premise that social existence determines social consciousness, The following two points are emphasized: first, emphasizing the key points and summing up, that is, grasping the mainstream spiritual characteristics of the Roman Republic period, classifying the scattered spiritual performance; second, taking the historical facts as the basis for refining the spiritual characteristics, putting an end to the subjective conjecture of the historical facts. The national spirit of the Roman Republic period refers to the formation of the Roman Republic period, which reflects the mainstream value orientation, mode of thinking, and moral standards of the multinational community in the territory. And the sum of the spiritual characteristics, which played an active role in the development of the Roman Republic, was determined by the historical practice of the Roman people. The spirit of patriotism, pragmatism, rule of law and harmony were the mainstream spirits of the ancient Roman republic. The Romans had a strong patriotic concept of "national supremacy". The Romans were highly practical, practical as a value standard, industrious in farming, and attached importance to the popularization and dissemination of agricultural scientific knowledge; utilitarian considerations of government, law, religious beliefs and education; According to the actual needs of the reform of the military system; art, literature, urban construction also adhere to the principle of pragmatism. The Romans perfectly applied the law to real life, developed a sound legal system, with model legal products; the regime set Wang Quan, Aristocracy and democracy are one body, rights are distributed according to law, the contributions of law enforcement officials and jurists are outstanding. The spirit of harmony is the innovation of this paper, which is reflected in: political cooperation and mutual restriction of three kinds of powers: the Senate, the consul and the general assembly; Cultural inclusiveness; national policy unifies peoples under Roman rule by granting citizenship and forming alliances. The causes of Roman national spirit include geographical environment, internal and external policy, the promotion of ruling class and the maintenance of religious emotion, among which the original form of national spirit influenced by geographical environment is relatively novel. The positive influence of the Roman national spirit on the rise of the Roman Republic is beyond doubt. The spirit of patriotism, rule of law, and harmony has a profound impact on modern western society. Finally, boldly connecting with the reality of carrying forward the great cause of national spirit in contemporary China, The paper points out the significance of reference: strengthening the cultivation of national spirit, guiding the practice of carrying forward the spirit with the idea of harmony, and attaching importance to the preservation and innovation of the spirit. The national spirit characteristics left over by history need to be maintained, and the new national spirit characteristics of keeping pace with the times have yet to be formed, which makes this subject have more research space, and many scholars will have more subtle ideas and deeper analysis.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K126

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