安东尼斯库时期罗马尼亚的反犹主义（1940-1944）

发布时间：2018-03-16 23:27

本文选题：安东尼斯库　切入点：罗马尼亚　出处：《陕西师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1940年9月6日——1944年8月23日,罗马尼亚处于安东尼斯库统治时期,也是罗马尼亚与纳粹德国的联盟时期。希特勒在欧洲推行针对犹太人的种族灭绝政策的同时,罗马尼亚对犹太人的种族迫害也达到了历史高峰。犹太人不幸的成为了安东尼斯库政权的主要受害者。安东尼斯库政权共杀害了其控制领土上约27万犹太人,占其控制犹太人口总量的40%,而且其迫害犹太人的手段也极其残忍。然而,二战期间罗马尼亚犹太人和罗马尼亚占领地乌克兰本土犹太人的悲惨命运,却成为了大屠杀时代一个最容易被忽视的问题。我国学者对二战中犹太人问题的研究大多集中在对德国和波兰犹太人的研究上。本文试图在国内外学者的研究成果基础之上,通过资料的整理与分析,能够清晰准确的梳理出安东尼斯库政权迫害犹太人的过程,并进一步探析反犹主义在罗马尼亚盛行的根源所在,最后对安东尼斯库的犹太人政策进行综合评判。本文共分为以下七个部分: 一、绪论。叙述本文选题目的、意义,并介绍目前国内外学术界的研究概况。二、罗马尼亚犹太人的历史概况。以时间为主线,分阶段介绍二战前犹太人在罗马尼亚的发展情况。16世纪末,第一批有组织的犹太社团在罗马尼亚建立;19世纪中叶,由于沙俄迫害,大量犹太移民涌入罗马尼亚;19世纪末,罗马尼亚各公国统一,犹太人口增加;1918年大罗马尼亚组建,犹太人口骤增;1939年前犹太人口增至约75万。自始至终犹太人都受到罗马尼亚社会的排挤。三、罗马尼亚反犹主义的根源。从宗教、经济、种族、政治四个角度出发将罗马尼亚的具体国情与特定的时代背景结合起来,分析二战前罗马尼亚反犹主义盛行的根源。安东尼斯库时期罗马尼亚对犹太人的迫害达到历史高峰,在很大程度上正是这四方面反犹因素蔓延的结果。四、安东尼斯库政权的建立。详尽介绍安东尼斯库上台的国内外背景。特殊历史时期安东尼斯库的上台是罗马尼亚和德国的共同选择。安东尼斯库把重新获得在“维也纳仲裁”中丢失掉领土的希望建立在与希特勒联盟的基础之上,他追随希特勒南征北战的同时加紧了对其控制领土上犹太人的迫害。五、安东尼斯库政权迫害犹太人的过程。以时间为主轴,以安东尼斯库政府犹太人政策的演化为界限,将安东尼斯库迫害犹太人的过程大致分为六个阶段:限制、打击—大屠杀—圈禁乌克兰—祸及乌克兰犹太人—出口巴勒斯坦—庇护匈牙利犹太人。六、安东尼斯库政权迫害犹太人的特点。安东尼斯库政府的“种族灭绝”政策主要具有以下三个特点:(1)残酷性,杀害犹太人的数量庞大且手段残忍;(2)区域性,乌克兰犹太人的死亡率高于罗马尼亚犹太人的死亡率,罗马尼亚领土内不同区域犹太人的死亡率不同;(3)自主性,二战中罗马尼亚的反犹主义具有一种自发性,而且在希特勒时代,罗马尼亚的犹太人政策又具有一定的自主性。七、结语。概括总结本文主要内容和基本观点,突出本文主旨。安东尼斯库时期罗马尼亚的反犹主义达到了历史最高峰,其中既有历史根源,也有现实原因,还包括个人因素。安东尼斯库的犹太人政策会随着国际局势的变化“及时”得到调整。
[Abstract]:September 6, 1940 - August 23, 1944 in Romania, Antonescu's reign, Romania is also in alliance with the Nazi Germany era. Hitler introduced in Europe for the Jewish genocide policy at the same time, Romania s ethnic persecution of Jews also reached a historical peak. The Jews unfortunately become the main victims of the Antonescu regime. Antonescu killed the control on the territory of about 270 thousand Jews, accounting for 40% of the total Jewish population control, and the persecution of the Jews means extremely cruel. However, the tragic fate of the Jews in Romania and Romania occupied Ukraine local Jews during World War II, has become one of the most easily overlooked problems. Research on World War II Holocaust era Jewish problem the Chinese scholars mostly focused on the Jews in Germany and Poland Study on. This article based on the domestic and foreign scholar's research results, through data collection and analysis, can clearly sort out the process of Antonescu persecution of the Jews, and further analysis of anti Semitism in Romania where the most popular source, of Antonescu's Jewish policy evaluation.
This article is divided into the following seven parts:
First, the introduction describes the purpose and significance of this topic, and introduces the current research situation in the academic circles at home and abroad.
Two, the history of the Jews in Romania. With time as the main line, a phased introduction of Jews in Romania before the Second World War the development situation of.16 at the end of the century, the first organized Jewish community in Romania; the middle of the nineteenth Century, due to the Tsarist persecution, a great number of Jewish immigrants into Romania; at the end of nineteenth Century, Romania unified the principality, the Jewish population increased; the formation of Romania in 1918, export surge in 1939 before the Jews; Jewish population increased to about 750 thousand. Jews were excluded from first to last in Romania society.
Three, the root of Romania anti Semitism. From the religious, economic, racial, political four aspects of specific conditions in Romania combined with the specific background, analysis of the causes of anti Semitism in Romania before World War II. Anton Nisko of Romania during the persecution of the Jews reached a historical peak, to a great extent, it is this four aspects of anti Semitism spread factors results.
Four, the establishment of the Antonescu regime. The detailed introduction of the background at home and abroad. Antonescu took a special historical period of Antonescu came to Germany and Romania are the common choice. Antonescu to regain the "Vienna arbitration" in the lost territory that built on the basis of the alliance with Hitler, he followed Hitler in the civil war at the same time stepped up control of the territory of the Jews persecuted.
Five, during the Antonescu regime persecution of the Jews. According to the time sequence, with the Antonescu administration policy for the evolution of Jewish boundaries, the persecution of the Jews in Antonescu can be divided into six stages: limit, blow - - - Ukraine massacre ring ban and curse the Jews in Ukraine - the Palestinian export refuge of Hungarian Jews.
Six, the characteristics of the Antonescu regime persecution of the Jews. The Antonescu government's "genocide" policy mainly has the following three characteristics: (1) cruel, killing the Jews and the large number of cruel means; (2) regional, Ukraine Jewish mortality rate is higher than the Romania Jews mortality, the territory of Romania in different regions of the Jews mortality different; (3) autonomy, World War II anti Semitism in Romania has a spontaneous, but also in the Hitler era, Romania's Jewish policy and has certain autonomy.
Seven, conclusion. Summarize the main contents of this paper and the basic point of view, highlighting the purport of the thesis. Antonescu in Romania during the period of anti Semitism reached a historical peak, which has historical roots, there are practical reasons, including individual factors. Antonescu's Jewish policy will change with the international situation in a timely manner. "To be adjusted.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K542

【引证文献】