日本近代地方自治制度的形成

发布时间：2018-03-21 22:21

本文选题：日本近代地方自治　切入点：形成　出处：《吉林大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 从古代国家产生到近世,日本的地方统治制度具有自己的特点。而地方自治传统的产生,特别是在幕末村落共同体的地方公共关系的发达,为近代日本采用地方自治制度提供了一定的条件。明治维新初期,政府通过实行废藩置县,实现了中央集权,在府县以下的地方实行大区小区的行政制度。但是由于地方民会的蓬勃发展,推动政府改革地方制度,1878年颁布了郡区町村编制法、府县会规则和地方税规则,被统称为三新法,初步承认了底层町村的自治,成为地方自治的实验室。但是不久由于自由民权运动的激化,政府再次改革缩小地方的自治权限。在经历了反复的探索后,为了巩固即将建立的天皇制国家,实现修改不平等条约的目标,在山县有朋的主持下,1888年市制町村制、1890年府县制郡制发布,标志着日本近代地方自治立法形成。而后随着日本资本主义的确立,到1911年左右,府县制郡制和市制町村制经过改革后终于稳固地确立下来。日本近代地方自治制度具有很大的保守性,其形成是明治政府从上而下设置的同时,地方社会传统和自由民权运动也起到了很大的推动作用。
[Abstract]:From ancient countries to modern times, Japan's local rule system has its own characteristics, and the emergence of the tradition of local autonomy, especially at the end of the village community of local public relations developed, In the early days of the Meiji Restoration, the government implemented the abolition of the prefectures, and realized the centralization of power. However, due to the vigorous development of the local people's associations and the promotion of the government to reform the local system, in 1878 the law on the establishment of prefectures and districts, the rules of prefectural and county councils and the rules of local taxes were promulgated, collectively known as the "three new laws". The government initially recognized the autonomy of the lower strata and became the laboratory for local autonomy. But soon after, because of the intensification of the free and civil rights movement, the government again reformed and reduced the local autonomy authority. After repeated exploration, In order to consolidate the imperial state to be established and to achieve the goal of amending unequal treaties, under the auspices of a friend in Yamashima, the municipal system was issued in 1888 and the prefectural and county system was issued in 1890. Marked the formation of modern local autonomy legislation in Japan. Then, with the establishment of Japanese capitalism, by 1911, The system of prefectural, prefectural and municipal systems has finally been firmly established after the reform. Japan's modern local autonomy system is very conservative, and its formation was at the same time as the Meiji government set up from top to bottom. Local social traditions and liberal civil rights movements also played a big role.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K313.41

【引证文献】